• Research Article

    Data Mining Approach to Predicting Soil Moisture Based on Meteorological Factors and Flow Rates
    Su Hoon Choi, Sang-Hyun Lee, Ung Yang, Min Soo Kim
    Accurate predictions of the soil moisture, a major limitation related to crop growth, are essential for effective irrigation planning, yield predictions, and … + READ MORE
    Accurate predictions of the soil moisture, a major limitation related to crop growth, are essential for effective irrigation planning, yield predictions, and proper water resource management. Current attempts to predict soil moisture levels have relied on historical soil moisture data; however, obtaining this type of data can be challenging for farmers engaged in outdoor cultivation. Therefore, this study aimed to predict current soil moisture contents based only on meteorological and flow rate data without previous soil moisture information. To predict the soil moisture, data mining approaches, in this case random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), and deep neural network (DNN), were employed. Through the Granger causality test, explanatory variables were determined at different time lags extending to three hours as model inputs for soil moisture predictions. The predictive performance of the models was found to be improved when all meteorological and flow rate data ranging from the previous to the current time could be used as opposed to only data from the current time. The results obtained for the test set showed that the best performance was achieved by the DNN model when it applied explanatory variables from “t” to “t-3” time points with a RMSE of 1.542 and a R2 value of 0.580. These results can enable real-time soil moisture data monitoring for farmers who currently lack access to soil databases. The constructed model is expected to serve as a framework for future studies that consider various environmental factors, such as soil characteristics, topography, and vegetation patterns. - COLLAPSE
    28 February 2024
  • Research Article

    Mixing Ratio of Peat Moss, Coco Peat, and Perlite Affects the Physicochemical Properties of Media and Growth of Tetragonia tetragonioides
    Sung Ki Kim, Yong Kweon Yoo
    The goal of this study was to select the most suitable medium for the cultivation of New Zealand spinach in a greenhouse. … + READ MORE
    The goal of this study was to select the most suitable medium for the cultivation of New Zealand spinach in a greenhouse. After sowing and raising seedlings, the seedlings were transplanted in media at mixing ratios of 4:0:0, 3:0:1, 3:1:0, 2:0:2, 2:1:2, 2:2:0, 1:0:3, 1:1:2, 1:2:1, 1:3:0, 0:0:4, 0:1:3, 0:2:2, 0:3:1, and 0:0:4 (v/v) composed of peat moss, coco peat, and perlite. After harvesting the shoots and roots, the shoot growth, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured and the nutrient contents of the leaves and physicochemical properties of the media were analyzed. The shoot growth metrics of the main stem length, number of lateral branches, and leaf size were better in media with mixing ratios of 2:2:1, 2:2:0, and 1:3:0 compared to the other ratios. Also, the fresh and dry weights of the leaves, stems, and roots were heaviest in media when the mixing ratio was 1:3:0. The air phase, porosity and water content of coco peat were higher than those of peat moss and perlite, and media with a high mixing ratio of coco peat (0:4:0, 0:3:1, 1:3:0) had higher EC and mineral contents (P, K, and B) than media with a high mixing ratio of perlite; moreover, the leaves grown in these media had higher nutrient contents, such as K and Ca. Therefore, considering the shoot growth and fresh and dry weights of the leaves, stems and roots in New Zealand spinach, it was determined that cultivation in a medium with a mixing ratio of 1:3:0 of peat moss, coco peat, and perlite would be most effective. - COLLAPSE
    28 February 2024
  • Research Article

    Effect of the Substrate Water Content on the Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life of Potted Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
    Se Young Lee, Young Boon Lee
    In this study, we investigated the effects of the substrate water content on potted kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) in an export … + READ MORE
    In this study, we investigated the effects of the substrate water content on potted kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) in an export distribution simulation. Potted kalanchoe plants were treated either with the optimum substrate water content (OSW, 50–60%) or a low substrate water content (LSW, ≤ 20%) and the postharvest quality and shelf life were assessed at farm or wholesale, export, auction, and consumer stages. The shelf life of the LSW flowers was shorter than that of the OSW flowers by 36%. The primary reason for the short shelf life after the LSW treatment was an increase in leaf chlorosis. The plant height was shorter with the LSW treatment at all stages, while the plant width was longer before the export stage. The fresh and dry weights of the root with the LSW treatment were lower at all stages. The chlorophyll content and the Fv/Fm of the leaves were lower during the auction stage for the LSW treatment. The Fv/Fm of the OSW treatment and LSW treatment were 0.79 and 0.77, respectively, during the auction stage. The change in the size of the stomatal pores and complexes was higher for the LSW treatment at all stages, but this difference was not significant. The difference between the air temperature and the petal or leaf surface temperature did not differ between treatments at the auction stage and consumer stage. The correlation between the shelf life and plant height was positive for all stages. There was no correlation between shelf life and the temperature of the flowers or leaves on auction stage and consumer stage. At the end of the shelf life, there was a high positive correlation between the shelf life and the substrate water content (r = 0.8**), the number of flowers (r = 0.8**) or buds (r = 0.6**), and flowering rate compared to the shipment (r = 0.5*) at the consumer stage. The findings here indicates that the substrate water content affects the postharvest quality and shelf life of potted kalanchoe. - COLLAPSE
    28 February 2024
  • Research Article

    Fruit Characteristics and Effects of a 2, 4-D Treatment on Parthenocarpic Fruits of Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch.)
    Kyeong Yeon Kim, Yeong Ji Sin, Si Hong Kim, Dong Cheol Jang, Sung Min Park
    This study was conducted to evaluate parthenocarpy in two butternut squash lines held at an institute and to determine differences in the … + READ MORE
    This study was conducted to evaluate parthenocarpy in two butternut squash lines held at an institute and to determine differences in the fruit development and other characteristics among pollinated, hormone-treated, and unpollinated fruits The material seeds were seeded in 50-hole plug tray which were raised on seedling stage in Kangwon National University greenhouse on April 20th. Once the material reached the stage, they’d been planted in a plastic greenhouse of Kangwon National University on May 20th. The plants were then separated into pollinated, hormone-treated, and unpollinated groups, and the fruit length, width, and degree of development were measured using a non-destructive method. The fruit and seed characteristics of harvested fruits were examined one month after ripening. The unpollinated fruits of both cultivars of set fruit and showed a weight, total soluble solid content, and fruit section area similar to those of the pollinated fruits. There were differences in the morphology; the placental region of the unpollinated fruit of the 17R-1s sample set was inferior in terms of developed to the pollinated fruit, and the placental region of 19-7s was shorter than that of the pollinated fruit. Additionally, the seeds of unpollinated fruits, i.e., traces, were undeveloped. Fruit treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which induces parthenocarpy, developed with a morphology identical to that of pollinated fruit, and the corresponding seeds developed despite being unfertilized, but without embryos. This study reports the genetic resources of two cultivars (17R-1s and 19-7s) with parthenocarpic traits. Furthermore, the cultivars used as plant materials in this study are valuable as breeding materials for developing parthenocarpic squash cultivars. - COLLAPSE
    28 February 2024
  • Research Article

    Effects of LED Light Quality Combinations on Growth and Leaf Colour of Tissue Culture-Generated Plantlets in Sedum rubrotinctum
    Chuncan Si, Ying Lin, Sumei Luo, Yanhua Yu, Ruiqing Liu, Misbah Naz, Zhicong Dai
    Different plants have different requirements with regard to light quality, including combinations of R/B LED light on tissue-culture-generated plants. However, the effects … + READ MORE
    Different plants have different requirements with regard to light quality, including combinations of R/B LED light on tissue-culture-generated plants. However, the effects of R/B LED light combinations on the growth and colour changes of leaves in succulent plants remains unknown. In this study, to identify the most beneficial light quality and R/B light ratios for the growth of the succulent plant species Sedum rubrotinctum and its production of attractive colours, the growth parameters, pigment levels and leaf colour phenotypes of tissue-culture-generated S. rubrotinctum plantlets were evaluated when the plantlets were exposed to R, 4R1B, 3R1B, 2R4B, B and W treatments for 90 days. The results showed that light quality obviously influenced the growth and leaf colour of tissue-culture-generated S. rubrotinctum plantlets. R light hastened the elongation of stems, and B light was more beneficial for biomass accumulation and leaf and root growth. However, compared with B light, R light, and W light, the R/B combination resulted in a greater amount of fresh biomass and higher values for the shoot/root FW, stem diameter, crown width, total root length, root surface area, and root volume. The R/B combination also markedly increased the contents of anthocyanins and the R/green chromaticity of the leaves. In addition, a principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the following comprehensive ranking: 4R1B > 2R4B > 3R1B > W > B > R. Therefore, the 4R1B combination is suggested as the best treatment for promoting the growth of tissue-culture-generated S. rubrotinctum plantlets and their production of attractive colours. This study provides a practically significant and optimal solution for growth regulation via light quality for the production of S. rubrotinctum as well as important implications for other succulent plant species in the Crassulaceae family. - COLLAPSE
    28 February 2024
  • Research Article

    Variations in Seed Yield and Related Traits in Onion (Allium cepa L.) Germplasm Collections
    Binod Prasad Luitel, JiWon Han, Soohyun Kang, Myeong Cheoul Cho, Min-Seon Choi
    Knowledge of genetic variations is important for the development of efficient breeding programs in onion. The objective of this study was to … + READ MORE
    Knowledge of genetic variations is important for the development of efficient breeding programs in onion. The objective of this study was to evaluate seed yields and related traits in 80 onion germplasms, and to select the best accessions for breeding and seed production programs. Among the eleven traits studied, seed yield showed the highest variation (64.1%), followed by the number of scapes·plant-1 (42.8%). Among the 80 accessions evaluated, 90% bolted within the range of 131.0 to 160.0 days and 20% showed more than 50% sterile male plants. The number of scapes·plant-1 and the scape height showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation with the seed yield. Based on the eleven traits, a cluster analysis classified 80 germplasms into four groups, clusters 1, 2, 3 and 4, which contained 22, 50, six and two accessions, respectively. Cluster 2 accessions produced a higher average seed yield (12.8 g·plant-1) than clusters 1, 3 and 4. Clusters 2 and 1 had the highest number of accessions (12 and 3, respectively) and consisted of more than 50% sterile male plants. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first five principal components (PCs) explained 75.82% of the total variation. Days to 50% flowering, seed yield, days to flowering initiation, seed size, and scape height accounted for 28.53% of the total variation in PC1, whereas the scape diameter, days to bolting, 1,000 seed weight, and days to flowering contributed to 19.94% in PC2. Thus, the phenotypic characterization of onion germplasms may provide the best insights to the breeders for the selection of potential accessions in cultivar development and seed production programs. - COLLAPSE
    28 February 2024
  • Research Article

    Prediction of Fruit Maturity of ‘Mihwang’ Peach using Deep Learning

    딥러닝 기술을 활용한 복숭아 ‘미황’의 성숙도 자동 분류

    Sang Jun Lee, Mi Hee Shin, L. Sugandhi Hirushika Jayasooriya, W.M. Upeksha Darshani Wijethunga, Seul Ki Lee, Jung Gun Cho, Si Hyeong Jang, Byoung-Kwan Cho, Jin Gook Kim

    이상준, 신미희, 수간디 히루시카, 우펙샤 달샤니, 이슬기, 조정건, 장시형, 조병관, 김진국

    Peach must be delivered to market when at their proper ripeness, as its fruit quality declines quickly after harvest. Therefore, it is …

    소비자에게 전달되는 복숭아는 숙도에 따라서 품질이 달라지기 때문에 섭취하기에 적합한 숙도를 고려하여 유통하는 과정이 필요하다. 또한, 숙도는 복숭아의 상품성 및 저장성에 영향을 …

    + READ MORE
    Peach must be delivered to market when at their proper ripeness, as its fruit quality declines quickly after harvest. Therefore, it is necessary to consider suitable ripeness for consumption and distribution. However, research on ripeness judgments for peaches in the orchard is scarce. This study used deep learning technology to develop a ripeness classification model for ‘Mihwang’ peaches. A dataset was prepared using 2,800 images, each taken from a peach orchard (outside dataset) and a laboratory (inside dataset) with the same fruit. The dataset was constructed based on the harvest date of the peaches and the peach apex’s skin color (a* value). It uses three classes, immature, ripe, and overripe, according to the classification criteria of the two datasets. The model was trained with a ratio of 7:2:1 of training data, validation data, and test data, and image data augmentation was carried out to improve the diversity of the data and to solve any imbalances. Among EfficientNet, YOLOv5, and Vision Transformer, the deep learning model recorded the best classification model performance on EfficientNet. Based on the classification model and performance evaluation index, the harvest-date-based classification model achieved the highest accuracy of 100%. The classification model based on the apex color a* value of peaches showed high accuracy with a minimum rate of 94.7% and a maximum rate of 98.2%. The peach ripeness classification model developed in this study can be used for determining the proper time for the mechanical harvesting of fruit from an orchard.


    소비자에게 전달되는 복숭아는 숙도에 따라서 품질이 달라지기 때문에 섭취하기에 적합한 숙도를 고려하여 유통하는 과정이 필요하다. 또한, 숙도는 복숭아의 상품성 및 저장성에 영향을 미칠 수 있어 적합한 수확 시기를 선정하는 작업이 요구되지만, 현재 노지 과수 작목의 숙도 판별에 대한 국내 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 그렇기 때문에 본 연구에서는 딥러닝 객체 탐지 분류 모델을 활용하여 복숭아 ‘미황’에 대한 숙도 분류 모델을 개발하였다. 실험실 내부 및 야외에서 촬영된 각 2,800장의 이미지를 활용하여 데이터 셋을 구축하였고, 수확 날짜 및 복숭아 과정부(apex)의 색도 a* 값을 기준으로 하는 두 개의 데이터 셋으로 구성하여 각 셋의 구분 기준에 따라 미숙, 적숙 그리고 과숙 3개의 class로 분류하였다. Train : Validation : Test 데이터 셋은 7 : 2 : 1의 비율로 분류하였고 데이터의 다양성 향상 및 unbalance를 해결하기 위해 augmentation을 실시하였다. 딥러닝 모델은 EfficientNet, YOLOv5 그리고 Vision Transformer를 활용하였으며 EfficientNet에서 가장 우수한 분류 모델 성능을 기록하였다. 날짜 기준 분류 모델은 분류 모델 성능 평가 지표 기준 최저 및 최대 100%의 정확도를 달성하였고, 색도 a* 값 기준 분류 모델은 최저 94.7%, 최대 98.2%의 높은 정확도를 보였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 객체 탐지 기반 복숭아 숙도 분류 모델은 향후 노지 과수 작목의 숙도 분류를 통한 기계수확 적기 판정 작업에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

    - COLLAPSE
    28 February 2024
  • Research Article

    Experimental Control of Day and Night Temperatures to Improve the Growth and External Quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

    단삼의 생장과 외적품질을 향상시키기 위한 주야간 온도의 실험적 제어

    Eun A Kim, Jae Hwan Lee, Sang Yong Nam

    김은아, 이재환, 남상용

    Salvia miltiorrhiza is a medicinal crop belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is commonly used in China as an ingredient in health-promoting …

    단삼(Salvia miltiorrhiza)은 꿀풀과(Lamiaceae)에 속한 약용작물의 일종이다. 단삼은 주로 중국에서 면역력을 증진시키고 질병을 예방하는 건강증진용 차(tea)의 재료로 사용된다. 단삼은 고온기에 생장이 …

    + READ MORE
    Salvia miltiorrhiza is a medicinal crop belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is commonly used in China as an ingredient in health-promoting teas that enhance immunity and prevent diseases. Although some Korean local farmers have reported that S. miltiorrhiza grows vigorously in high temperatures and produces roots with a deep red color, there is no clear evidence or literature to confirm this. Therefore, this study investigated the growth and external quality of S. miltiorrhiza in response to different day and night temperature levels. Day and night temperature treatments were designed into four levels: 20/15, 24/19, 28/23, and 32/27°C, respectively. Among the parameters related to plant sizes, the shoot height and number of roots showed the highest values in the 32/27°C treatment, while other parameters, particularly the shoot width and root length exhibited the highest values in the 28/23°C treatment. In contrast, the majority of parameters, including the fresh weight and dry weight, which are indicative of root biomass, were lowest in the 20/15°C treatment, suggesting that S. miltiorrhiza, a species that prefers relatively high temperatures, thrives in warmer conditions. Importantly, the root fresh and dry weights, which are likely to be correlated with the market value of S. miltiorrhiza, showed the same significance levels within the temperature range of 24/19–32/27°C, but not in the relatively low-temperature treatment of 20/15°C. Thus, cultivation of S. miltiorrhiza is deemed feasible within all temperature ranges except for 20/15°C, with optimal conditions falling within the temperature range of 24/19–32/27°C. The CIELAB a* value, associated with red color, was highest in the comprehensive assessment of the 32/27°C treatment. Moreover, in the 32/27°C treatment, the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) color chart values were found to indicate a deep reddish or brown-red color, with readings of 166B and 174A. Additionally, the root color obtained the highest visual score in the 32/27°C treatment. Based on previous studies, a* is considered to be related to the content and quantities of tanshinones and other hydrophilic phenolic compounds, which are effective components associated with the orange-red color. Therefore, it is recommended to cultivate S. miltiorrhiza at a high temperature of 32/27°C to achieve high growth rates, excellent external quality, and produce superior S. miltiorrhiza plants.


    단삼(Salvia miltiorrhiza)은 꿀풀과(Lamiaceae)에 속한 약용작물의 일종이다. 단삼은 주로 중국에서 면역력을 증진시키고 질병을 예방하는 건강증진용 차(tea)의 재료로 사용된다. 단삼은 고온기에 생장이 왕성하고 뿌리의 색상이 짙은 붉은색을 띈다는 일부 국내 농가의 증언이 있었지만 이를 확인할만한 명확한 근거나 문헌은 찾아볼 수 없었다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 주야간 온도수준에 따른 단삼의 생장과 외적품질에 대해서 조사하였다. 온도처리는 20/15, 24/19, 28/23, 32/27°C로 총 네 가지 처리구로 나누어 설계하였다. 식물체 크기의 매개변수에서 초장, 뿌리의 개수는 32/27°C 처리구에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으나 다른 매개변수인 초폭, 근장은 28/23°C 처리구에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 20/15°C 처리구에서는 생체중과 건물중을 포함한 대부분의 매개변수가 가장 낮게 나타나 단삼은 상대적으로 고온을 선호하는 식물임을 나타냈다. 가장 중요한 점은 단삼의 시장가격과 상관관계가 있을 것으로 판단되는 지하부 생체중과 건물중은 24/19–32/27°C 범위의 온도수준에서 동등한 유의수준을 나타내어, 상대적으로 저온처리구였던 20/15°C 처리구를 제외한 온도 범위 내에서 재배가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 붉은색과 관련이 있는 매개변수인 CIELAB a*는 종합적으로 32/27°C 처리구에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그뿐만 아니라 32/27°C 처리구에서는 RHS 값이 166B, 174A로 나타나 뿌리가 짙은 암적색인 것으로 평가되었으며, 시각점수가 가장 높게 나타났다. a*는 과거 연구에 따라 주황색-적색과 관련있는 유효성분인 탄시논(tanshinone) 및 기타 친수성 페놀류의 함량과 양의 상관관계를 가질 것으로 추정되어 32/27°C의 온도수준에서 단삼을 재배하는 것이 가장 유리할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 단삼을 재배하는 경우 높은 생장수준과 외적품질을 나타내는 우수한 단삼을 생산하기 위해 32/27°C의 상대적 고온조건에서 재배할 것을 권고한다.

    - COLLAPSE
    28 February 2024
  • Research Article

    Early Performance of Multi-leader Apple Training Systems in Korea

    우리나라에서 사과 다축형의 유목기 생장과 생산성

    In-Hee Park, Su-Gon Han, Chung-Sil Kim, Yeong-Ju Jeong, Jong-Hoon Jeon, Tae-Myung Yoon

    박인희, 한수곤, 김충실, 정영주, 전종훈, 윤태명

    ‘Fuji’/M9 2-axis apple nursery trees were planted at 3.0 × 1.2 m for 2-leaders, at 2.8 × 1.6 m for 4-leaders and …

    ‘후지’/M9 2축 묘목을 재식거리 3.0 × 1.2m로 심고 2축형으로, 2.8 × 1.6m로 심고 4축형으로, 2.8 × 2.4m로 심고 6축형으로 키우고, 측지묘목을 재식거리 …

    + READ MORE
    ‘Fuji’/M9 2-axis apple nursery trees were planted at 3.0 × 1.2 m for 2-leaders, at 2.8 × 1.6 m for 4-leaders and at 2.8 × 2.4 m for 6-leaders systems, and the growth, productivity and quality characteristics of these different leader systems were compared with those of a tall slender spindle planted at 3.0 × 1.0 m. Compared to the tall slender spindle, as the number of leaders per tree increased, the tree height decreased and the leader cross-sectional area decreased markedly. Shoot growth per tree for the tall slender spindle and the 2-leaders were high in the first and second year, but in the third and fourth year, shoots growth of the 4-leaders and the 6-leaders increased rapidly. Nevertheless, for the 6-leaders, growth was slower than that of the 4-leaders, with the canopy volume also significantly lower than that of the 4-leaders. In the fourth year, light interception was 35.7–36.3% in the tall slender spindle, the 2-leaders, and the 4-leaders, but only 24.4% in the 6-leaders. The cumulative yield per tree up to the fourth year increased with the number of leaders, except for the 6-leaders with slow canopy development. The cumulative yield per tree for the 2-leaders was 32.1 kg and that for the 4-leaders was 41.7 kg, 16% and 51% more than the outcome of 27.6 kg for the tall slender spindle, respectively. However, when converted into yield per ha, the tall slender spindle showed a value of 91.7 tons, the 2-leaders showed 89.2 tons, and the 4-leaders showed 93.1 tons, whereas that for the 6-leaders was only 40.8 tons. The quality of the fruit according to the number of leaders was not clear on average, but from the third year, the red coloration of the tall slender spindle tended to be somewhat lower than these outcomes from of the multi-leader systems, as the canopy of the tall slender spindle had developed significantly.


    ‘후지’/M9 2축 묘목을 재식거리 3.0 × 1.2m로 심고 2축형으로, 2.8 × 1.6m로 심고 4축형으로, 2.8 × 2.4m로 심고 6축형으로 키우고, 측지묘목을 재식거리 3.0 × 1.0m로 심고 키큰세장방추형으로 키워 생장과 생산성 및 품질 특성을 비교하였다. 1축의 키큰세장방추형에 비해 다축형에서 주당 축 수가 늘어날수록 수고가 낮아지고 축의 단면적이 뚜렷하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 주당 신초생장량은 재식 1–2년차에는 1축의 키큰세장방추형과 2축형이 많았고 3–4년차에는 4축과 6축형의 주당 신초생장이 빠르게 증가하였다. 다만, 6축형의 경우 생장이 느려지면서 수관구성이 4축에 비해 크게 떨어졌다. 재식 4년차의 수광률은 키큰세장방추형과 2축형, 4축형이 35.7–36.3%로 서로 비슷하였으나 6축형은 24.4%에 불과하였다. 재식 4년차까지의 주당 누적수량은 수관 형성이 느린 6축형을 제외하면 축이 많아질수록 증가하여 2축형이 32.1kg으로 키큰세장방추형의 27.6kg 보다 16%, 4축형은 41.7kg으로 키큰세장방추형보다 51% 많았다. 그러나 단위면적당 수량으로 환산했을 경우 키큰세장방추형은 91.7톤/ha, 2축형은 89.2톤/ha, 4축형은 93.1톤/ha이었으나 6축형은 40.8톤/ha에 불과하였다. 축 수에 따른 사과 품질은 전체적으로 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았으나 재식 3년차부터 수관이 갖추어지고 있는 키큰세장방추형에서 다축형에 비해 상대적으로 착색이 다소 떨어지는 경향을 보였다.

    - COLLAPSE
    28 February 2024
  • Research Article

    Effect of Fruit Set Levels and Contact between Berries on Fruit Quality in ‘Jinok’ and ‘Campbell Early’ Grapes

    포도 ‘진옥’과 ‘캠벨얼리’의 착립수준과 과립간 밀착이 과실품질에 미치는 영향

    Young Min Choi, Sung Min Jung, Dong Geun Choi

    최영민, 정성민, 최동근

    This study was carried out to compare fruit quality outcomes according to berry set levels, and to analyze the relationships among epicuticular …

    본 연구는 포도 ‘진옥’과 ‘캠벨얼리’의 착립수준에 따른 과실품질을 비교하고, 과다 착립시 과립의 과분 및 과피세포의 발달, 물리적 특성과 열과 감수성과의 관계에 대해 …

    + READ MORE
    This study was carried out to compare fruit quality outcomes according to berry set levels, and to analyze the relationships among epicuticular wax, skin cell development, texture characteristics, and cracking sensitivity due to contact with neighboring berries under a condition of excessive-berry set per cluster of ‘Jinok’ and ‘Campbell Early’ grapes. A berry thinning treatment of both cultivars reduced the numbers of berries per cluster to 45, 60, 75, and 90 at 20 days after full bloom. With regard to the fruit quality characteristics, the number of berries, the berry density, and the cluster weight all showed increases with higher berry set levels, but the 75 and 90 berry thinning levels showed lower soluble solid contents and higher acidity than the 45 and 60 berry treatments. Significant berry cracking occurred in the 75 and 90 berry treatments in both cultivars, though its occurrence was significantly lower in the ‘Jinok’ than the ‘Campbell Early’ grape. A ‘platelet’ shape of epicuticular wax was observed on the non-contact side of the berries, but the contact sides of neighboring berries were poorly developed. The epidermal cells (outer and sub-epidermal) of the contact sides of neighboring berries were pressed down by internal and external growth pressure more than they were in normal berries (non-contact), showing a long oval shape with a long length and width. On the contact sides of neighboring berries of the ‘Jinok’ and ‘Campbell Early’ grapes, berry hardness was reduced by 23.9% and 36.5%, respectively, compared to non-contact berries.


    본 연구는 포도 ‘진옥’과 ‘캠벨얼리’의 착립수준에 따른 과실품질을 비교하고, 과다 착립시 과립의 과분 및 과피세포의 발달, 물리적 특성과 열과 감수성과의 관계에 대해 구명하고자 수행하였다. 두 품종의 적립처리는 만개 후 20일에 각각 과방당 45, 60, 75, 90립으로 조절하였다. 포도 ‘진옥’과 ‘캠벨얼리’ 과실의 품질특성 중, 과립수, 과립밀도, 과방중은 착립수가 많을수록 증가하였고, 75, 90립 처리구는 45, 60립 처리구보다 가용성 고형물 함량이 낮고 산함량이 높았다. 열과 발생은 만개 후 70일 부터 75, 90립 처리구에서 집중적으로 나타났으며, 상대적으로 ‘진옥’이 ‘캠벨얼리’보다 열과 발생이 적었다. 정상 과립표면의 과분은 ‘platelet’ 형태의 과분이 관찰되나 밀착된 과립 표면의 과분 발달은 현저히 불량하였다. 또한 밀착된 과립의 표피층이 내외부의 생장 압력에 의해 짓눌려 밀착되지 않은 과립의 세포들보다 길고 폭이 좁은 타원형의 세포 형태를 보였다. 과립 경도 역시 밀착된 과립이 밀착되지 않은 정상 과립보다 ‘진옥’, ‘캠벨얼리’가 각각 23.9, 36.5% 낮았다.

    - COLLAPSE
    28 February 2024