About This Journal
About This Journal
Horticultural Science and Technology (abbr. Hortic. Sci. Technol., herein ‘HST’; ISSN, 1226-8763), one of the two official journals of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science (KSHS), was launched in 1998 to provide scientific and professional publication on technology and sciences of horticultural area. As an international journal, HST is published in English and Korean, bimonthly on the last day of even number months, and indexed in ‘SCIE’, ‘SCOPUS’ and ‘CABI’. The HST is devoted for the publication of technical and academic papers and review articles on such arears as cultivation physiology, protected horticulture, postharvest technology, genetics and breeding, tissue culture and biotechnology, and other related to vegetables, fruit, ornamental, and herbal plants.
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Review
- Plant-derived Monoclonal Antibody Production: Historical Developments, Technological Advancements and Future Prospects
- Keunbeom Youk, Yejin Hwang, Kisung Ko
- Plant-based platforms have emerged as a promising alternative technology for producing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. They offer unique benefits compared to conventional mammalian …
- Plant-based platforms have emerged as a promising alternative technology for producing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. They offer unique benefits compared to conventional mammalian cell culture systems with regard to their cost, production scale, and biological safety. Since antibody expression was reported for the first time in Nicotiana tabacum in the late 1980s, advancements in plant molecular farming techniques have facilitated the production of biofunctional antibodies with diverse structures, from immunoglobulin (Ig)G to secretory IgA. Specifically, Nicotiana benthamiana is a high-throughput, mass-production platform that reliably achieves high yields at the g/kg level within weeks through transient expression systems. Improvements in host optimization, good manufacturing practice-level production processes, and human N-glycan engineering have enhanced the functionality and consistency of antibodies. In general, ZMapp, a plant-derived Ebola virus antibody cocktail, and anti-CTLA-4 mAbs exhibited efficacy similar to that of mammalian cell-derived antibodies. Additionally, next-generation antibodies, including PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, demonstrated clinical potential. However, standardization of the entire process, economical upstream biomass production, and downstream purification processes remain a significant challenge. The convergence of glycoengineering, advanced synthetic biology tools, and AI-driven culture control technologies holds promise for transforming plants into self-optimizing molecular farming platforms. Plant-based antibody systems are no longer just low-cost alternatives. They are being transformed into scalable and sustainable platforms for next-generation biomanufacturing. - COLLAPSE
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Review
- Optimization of Induction and Culture Strategies for Calli with Stem Cell-like Features for the Production of Functional Natural Products from Korean Native Plants: Case Studies Involving Artemisia, Ixeridium, and Perilla
- Seon Hwa Lee, Kang Mo Ku, Ju Bin Cho, Woo Suk Cho
- Plant stem cells and calli with stem cell-like features provide scalable, sustainable platforms with superior genetic stability, reduced aggregation, and improved yield …
- Plant stem cells and calli with stem cell-like features provide scalable, sustainable platforms with superior genetic stability, reduced aggregation, and improved yield consistency compared to dedifferentiated cells (DDCs). We implemented a four-step workflow—induction, biochemical and ultrastructural validation, suspension-culture optimization, and LC–MS/MS quantification—spanning three Korean native species: in A. capillaris, root cells generated from calli with stem cell-like features exhibited approximately fourfold higher artemisinin content than intact plants; in I. dentatum, calli with stem cell-like features demonstrated approximately tenfold greater chrysoeriol-7-O-glucoside accumulation and secreted more than twofold more of this metabolite into the medium than was present intracellularly; and in P. frutescens, calli with stem cell-like features yielded approximately threefold more rosmarinic acid compared to DDCs (40.4 ± 1.4 vs. 12.9 ± 0.7 mg·g-1). At present, the integration of single-cell and spatial omics, elicitation, and advancements in media and scale-up engineering with AI technologies (ML soft sensors, digital twins, hybrid models) supports real-time process monitoring and control, minimizing variability and facilitating lab-to-industry translation. Future priorities include the development of robust stemness markers, standardized sensing strategies enabled by cross-species–generalizable AI, and long-term bioreactor reliability to achieve consistent, large-scale, and eco-friendly production of natural products using systems based on CMC- and calli with stem cell–like features. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Effects of Elevated CO2 on Saponin Accumulation of Panax japonicus are Associated with Changes in the Carbon and Nitrogen Balance
- Xiao Wang, E Liang, Xiaohui Song
- This study investigated the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations (e1CO2: 550 µmol mol-1, e1CO2: 750 …
- This study investigated the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations (e1CO2: 550 µmol mol-1, e1CO2: 750 µmol mol-1) at different durations (27 vs. 84 days) on the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance and on saponin accumulation in Panax japonicus. After 27 days, no significant differences were observed in the leaf C or N values or in the C/N ratio or total saponin content across the treatments. However, after 84 days, e1CO2 did not alter the N content in stems or rhizomes (medicinal organ), whereas it increased the C/N ratios in the leaves and stems. In contrast, e2CO2 significantly reduced the N content in all organs and increased the C/N ratios in the rhizomes by 25.07%. The total saponin content in the leaves, stems, and rhizomes was significantly higher under both e1CO2 and e2CO2 compared to the control treatment, with the most pronounced increase in rhizomes under 750 ppm CO2 after 84 days. The saponin content was positively correlated with the C/N ratio across all organs. Interactions between the CO2 magnitude and duration significantly influenced the C/N ratio, stem/rhizome N content, and total saponin accumulation. These results demonstrate that elevated CO2 (especially 750 ppm for 84 days) modulates the C/N balance to promote saponin biosynthesis, highlighting a CO2-mediated mechanism for secondary metabolite regulation in P. japonicus. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Influence of the Plasma-Activated Water Process Time on Germination, Growth, and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in Radish Sprouts (Raphanus sativus L.)
- Sunwoo Kim, Seungwon Noh, Sungjin Kim, Seungyong Hahm, Byungjun Kim, Yongjae Lee, Jongseok Park
- This study investigated the effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) on the germination, growth, and accumulation of secondary metabolites in radish sprouts ( …
- This study investigated the effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) on the germination, growth, and accumulation of secondary metabolites in radish sprouts (Raphanus sativus L.). PAW was generated via corona discharge and applied to seeds for 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30 minutes. As the PAW treatment time increased, significant increases were observed in the cumulative germination, final germination percentage, germination energy, and germination speed. The 30-minute treatment led to the most notable improvements in the germination parameters. However, shoot and root lengths significantly decreased, and the shoot water content was reduced, likely due to osmotic stress induced by elevated electrical conductivity (EC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. Despite growth suppression, the 30-minute treatment significantly increased the content and concentration of various glucosinolates (progoitrin, sinigrin, gluconapin, neoglucobrassicin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, benzoic acid, epicatechin, and trans-cinnamic acid). These results suggest that the PAW treatment, when applied at an optimal duration, can enhance both seed germination and the accumulation of bioactive compounds in radish sprouts through redox-related signaling pathways. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Biofortification for Radish and Pea Microgreens in Plant Factory: Effects of Different Selenium Concentrations in Nutrient Solution
- Sen Yuan, Yuqi Zhang, Wenke Liu
- Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health and a beneficial element participating in multiple biological functions in plants. Microgreens, which …
- Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health and a beneficial element participating in multiple biological functions in plants. Microgreens, which have short growth cycles but high productivity, are ideal candidates for Se biofortification in plant factory. However, the optional dosage of exogenous Se application and the mechanisms of selenite uptake and conversion in microgreens remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of exogenous sodium selenite concentrations (0‒55 µM) in nutrient solution on plant growth and Se metabolisms in radish and pea microgreens. We found that the total and organic Se contents in plants reached maximum at 35 µM treatment in radish microgreens and reached a plateau at 25‒55 µM treatment in pea microgreens. However, 45‒55 µM Se significantly reduced fresh weight and plant height compared to lower Se concentrations. 35 µM Se enhanced the contents of reduced glutathione and selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT) in radish and the contents of ATP sulfurylase, cysteine synthase and SMT in Pea, compared to other Se concentrations, which increases the concentrations of SeCys, SeMet, MeSeCys in radish microgreens and SeCys in pea microgreens. Furthermore, radish microgreen had higher total Se and organic Se concentrations compared to pea microgreen, making radish a more suitable microgreen for Se-enriched production. To conclude, we confirmed that the biofortification of microgreens with appropriate Se concentrations is feasible, and an exogenous Se application of 35 µM in nutrient solution would be optional to maintain normal plant growth but enhancing Se accumulation and translocation to shoot in radish and pea microgreens. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Improving Smart Farm Heating Performance and Energy Efficiency by Means of AI Data Center Waste-Heat Recovery
- Siwon Yoon, Seunghyi Kang, Seungwon Seok, Junwoo Moon, Sewoong An
- This study evaluated the seasonal heating performance of a single-span strawberry greenhouse maintained at a constant heating setpoint temperature using a conventional …
- This study evaluated the seasonal heating performance of a single-span strawberry greenhouse maintained at a constant heating setpoint temperature using a conventional air-source heat pump (ASHP) or water-to-water heat pump (DCHP) connected to a data center. Python-based dynamic simulations were conducted to calculate the greenhouse’s energy balance, incorporating the factors of conduction, convection, and ventilation driven by weather inputs. The heat pump performance was estimated by means of the temperature-based coefficient of the performance correlations. The results indicate that integrating a greenhouse with a data center improves seasonal efficiency and reduces electricity consumption. The DCHP increased the seasonal performance factor from 3.40 (ASHP) to 3.94, resulting in an absolute gain of 0.54 (approximately 15.8%). Additionally, annual compressor electricity consumption was reduced from 38,800 kWh to 26,942 kWh, resulting in savings of 11,858 kWh (approximately 30.5%). These savings are particularly significant during the winter months, when a warmer and more stable heat source can enhance the performance of the heat pump. Considering the energy mix factor, the annual greenhouse gas emissions decreased from 18,550 kg CO2-equivalent to 12,881 kg CO2-equivalent, highlighting a clear carbon reduction benefit in addition to energy savings. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Identification of a Novel Major QTL on Chromosome 5 Controlling Female Flowering Frequency in Watermelon
- Dong-Hyeon Min, Yoon Jeong Jang, Yong-Jae Kim, Gung Pyo Lee
- Female flowering frequency is a critical determinant of fruit yield and concentrated harvest outcomes in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Although the …
- Female flowering frequency is a critical determinant of fruit yield and concentrated harvest outcomes in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Although the genetic mechanisms governing sex forms (e.g., monoecy vs. andromonoecy) are well established, quantitative regulation of the female flower node frequency remains largely underexplored. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of the female flowering index (FFI) using an F2 segregating population derived from a cross between a high-female-flowering-frequency line, ‘DAPFF01’, and a low-female-flowering-frequency line, ‘A0228’. A phenotypic analysis of the F2 population revealed a continuous distribution with transgressive segregation, indicating that FFI is a quantitative trait controlled by polygenic factors. To identify the genomic regions governing this trait, we employed a combined approach involving bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and high-density genotyping-by-sequencing linkage mapping. We identified a novel major quantitative trait locus (QTL), qFFI5.1, located on chromosome 5 within a physical interval of approximately 294 kb (28.66–28.96 Mb), showing a peak logarithm of the odds score of 10.47. This locus is distinct from the previously characterized sex-determination loci on chromosomes 3 and 6. High-resolution melting markers developed for single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the candidate region showed co-segregation rates in the range of 71.9–77.5% with the phenotype, validating the robustness of the QTL. Annotation of the genomic interval revealed putative candidate genes encoding MYB transcription factors and auxin-responsive proteins, suggesting that a regulatory pathway is potentially involved in auxin signaling. These findings provide new insights into the genetic control of flowering habits in watermelon and offer knowledge of valuable molecular markers for marker-assisted selection in breeding high-yield cultivars. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
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Analyzing Greenhouse Heating and Ventilation Scenarios for Temperature Setpoint Violations and Energy Usage by Means of an EnergyPlus Simulation
에너지플러스 시뮬레이션을 통한 온실 난방 및 환기 시나리오의 온도 설정 기준 위반 및 에너지 소비 비교
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Yoel Kim, Juyeon Park, Kwangbok Jeong, Hyeonji Park, Nayoon Choi, Soo Hyun Park, Do Yeon Won, Hyun Kwon Suh
김요엘, 박주연, 정광복, 박현지, 최나윤, 박수현, 원도연, 서현권
- ICT-based horticultural greenhouses are recognized as a potential solution to major challenges in modern agriculture, including food crises, climate change, and declining …
ICT 기반의 원예 온실은 식량 위기, 기후 변화, 농촌 인구 감소 등 현대 농업의 주요 과제에 대한 잠재적 해결방안으로 주목받고 있다. 채소 …
- ICT-based horticultural greenhouses are recognized as a potential solution to major challenges in modern agriculture, including food crises, climate change, and declining rural populations. As the proportion of heated greenhouse area has increased to 36%, the heating demand in greenhouses is expected to continue to expand. However, heating oil and electricity are primarily used for greenhouse environment control, with heated greenhouses using these energy sources accounting for 90% of the total area. Recent unstable energy supplies and rising costs have significantly increased the financial pressure on greenhouse operations, making it critical to develop better energy management strategies. This study develops an energy simulation model using EnergyPlus to optimize climate control strategies in a demonstration greenhouse located in Pyeongchang, Gangwon Province, Korea. The simulated temperatures were compared with the measured greenhouse temperatures to ensure the accuracy of the simulation. The results showed that the C
v
(
R
M
S
E
) and MBE values for the monthly period were within 30% and ±10%, respectively. Over the entire period, the model maintained a C
v
(
R
M
S
E
) outcome of 19.38% and MBE rate of 0.52%, showing acceptable margins of error between simulated and measured temperature values. Three different scenarios were simulated based on heating and ventilation setpoint temperatures, and the deviation of the simulated temperature from the setpoint range was quantitatively evaluated. In addition, electricity and oil consumption for heating were compared among the scenarios. The total simulated energy loads were 195,428 MJ, 255,913 MJ, and 223,608 MJ for Scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with Scenario 2 consuming the most energy. Similarly, oil consumption for heating was highest in Scenario 2 at 5,721 L, while electricity consumption was similar in all three scenarios at 12,773 kWh, 12,926 kWh, and 12,826 kWh, respectively. This study demonstrates that a building energy simulation model can effective for the prediction and analysis of energy consumption in a greenhouse. Further studies are needed to validate the correspondence more thoroughly between simulated and actual energy consumption in greenhouse operations. Furthermore, plant growth models need to be integrated into the simulation framework to more accurately simulate internal greenhouse conditions and better analyze energy consumption. This study will contribute to the establishment of optimal control strategies based on artificial intelligence for greenhouse environments.
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ICT 기반의 원예 온실은 식량 위기, 기후 변화, 농촌 인구 감소 등 현대 농업의 주요 과제에 대한 잠재적 해결방안으로 주목받고 있다. 채소 시설원예의 가온 온실 면적 비중이 36%까지 증가하면서 온실 난방 수요도 증가할 전망이다. 그러나 온실 환경 제어에는 주로 석유와 전기가 사용되며, 이들 에너지원을 사용하는 가온 온실 면적이 전체의 90%를 차지한다. 최근 불안정한 에너지 공급과 비용 상승으로 인해 온실 운영 비용의 부담이 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따라 효율적인 에너지 관리 방안이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 강원도 평창에 위치한 실증 온실을 대상으로 환경 제어 전략을 최적화하기 위해 EnergyPlus를 사용하여 에너지 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하였다. 시뮬레이션으로 도출된 온도를 실제 온실의 온도 데이터와 비교하여 시뮬레이션 모델의 신뢰성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 월별 C v ( R M S E )와 MBE 값이 각각 30% 및 ±10% 이내로 나타났다. 전체 기간에 대해서도 모델은 C v ( R M S E ) 19.38%의 오차와 MBE 0.52%를 유지하여 시뮬레이션으로 도출된 온도와 실제 온실 온도간의 오차가 허용 범위 내에 있음을 확인하였다. 난방 및 환기 설정 온도값에 기반한 세 가지 시나리오를 적용하여, 시뮬레이션을 통해 산출된 온도가 설정된 온도 범위를 얼마나 벗어났는지를 정량적으로 평가하였다. 또한, 시나리오별 전력 및 난방용 등유 사용량을 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션으로 도출된 총 에너지 부하는 Scenario 1, 2, 3에서 각각 195,428MJ, 255,913MJ, 223,608MJ로 나타났으며, Scenario 2에서 가장 많은 에너지가 소비되었다. 등유 사용량 역시 Scenario 2가 5,721L로 가장 많았으며, 전력 사용량은 세 시나리오 모두 유사하여 각각 12,773kWh, 12,926kWh, 12,826kWh로 나타났다. 본 연구는 건물 에너지 시뮬레이션 모델이 온실 에너지 소비 예측 및 분석에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 향후 연구에서는 시뮬레이션에서 산출된 에너지 사용량이 실제 온실 운영 데이터와 얼마나 일치하는지 검증하는 과정이 필요하다. 또한, 작물 생육 모델을 시뮬레이션 프레임워크에 통합하여 온실 내부 환경을 보다 정밀하게 시뮬레이션하고 에너지 소비를 보다 정확하게 분석함이 필요하다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 인공지능 기반의 온실 최적 제어 전략을 수립하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
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Analyzing Greenhouse Heating and Ventilation Scenarios for Temperature Setpoint Violations and Energy Usage by Means of an EnergyPlus Simulation
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Research Article
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Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Growth and Physicochemical Characteristics of Coir Substrates Used for Hydroponic Cultivation
재활용 코이어 배지를 이용한 수경재배 배지의 이화학성 특성 및 가지 생육
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Ji-Hee Jeong, Seo-A Yoon, Ba-Ul Ko, Hyo-Jun Bae, Ho-Cheol Kim, Yang-Gyu Ku, Se-Woong An, Chul-Min Kim, Jong-Hyang Bae
정지희, 윤서아, 고바울, 배효준, 김호철, 구양규, 안세웅, 김철민, 배종향
- The goal of this study is (1) to determine the physicochemical characteristics of substrates according to their mixing ratios by grinding coir …
본 연구는 토마토 수경재배에서 1회 사용한 코이어 배지를 마쇄한 후 펄라이트와 혼합하여 혼합비율에 따른 배지의 이화학성을 파악하고, 향후 가지 수경재배 배지로 활용하고자 …
- The goal of this study is (1) to determine the physicochemical characteristics of substrates according to their mixing ratios by grinding coir substrate used once in tomato hydroponics and mixing this material with perlite, and (2) to use the resulting material a hydroponic cultivation substrate for eggplants. The mixing ratios of the used coir and perlite on a volume basis were 70:30 (UC7P3), 50:50 (UC5P5), 30:70 (UC3P7), and 10:90 (UC1P9), with commercially available coir slab [dust:chip = 50:50(v/v)] and perlite slab (100%) used as control substrates. The total porosity was in the proper range of 89.6-95.6% for all substrates. However, the container capacity was highest in UC7P3 at 52.1%, and the air porosity was the highest in perlite at 58.2%. The air porosity rates of all treatments were high, and the container capacity was in the low range. The pH was in the proper range of 5.6 – 6.1 for on all substrates except for the perlite cases, and the EC contents increased as the perlite content was decreased. The NO3-N, NH4-N, P2O5, Ca and CEC levels increased as the ratio of used coir increased, and exchangeable cations (K, Na, Mg) levels also increased as the coir ratio was increased. An investigation of eggplant growth results showed no certain trends among the mixed substrates, but the coir cases had the lowest plant height, SPAD, stem fresh and dry weight values. The fruit yield was highest in the UC7P3 and UC5P5 cases at 10.6, and the weight per plant, fruit diameter, and marketable were the highest in UC5P5. Therefore, when using coir substrates as hydroponic substrates, it is expected that the yield and marketable value will be better when adding perlite at a ratio of 50:50 (v:v).
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본 연구는 토마토 수경재배에서 1회 사용한 코이어 배지를 마쇄한 후 펄라이트와 혼합하여 혼합비율에 따른 배지의 이화학성을 파악하고, 향후 가지 수경재배 배지로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 배지의 종류는 1년 사용한 코이어 배지와 펄라이트를 70:30(UC7P3), 50:50(UC5P5), 30:70(UC3P7) 및 10:90(UC1P9, v:v)로 혼합한 4처리와 시판되는 코이어 배지를 대조구1(BioGrow, dust:chip = 50:50(v:v), Coir)로 펄라이트 배지(Perlite)를 대조구2로 총 6처리로 하였다. 배지의 공극률은 89.6–95.6 범위로 모든 처리구에서 적정범위를 보였으나, 용기용수량은 UC7P3이 52.1%로 가장 높았고, 기상율은 Perlite에서 58.2%로 가장 높았는데, 모든 처리구의 기상율은 높고, 용기용수량은 낮은 범위를 보였다. 배지의 pH는 Perlite를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 5.6–6.1%의 범위를 보였고, EC는 펄라이트 함량이 증가할수록 낮아졌다. NO3-N과 NH4-N, P2O5, Ca2+, CEC 값은 사용된 코이어의 비율이 높을수록 값이 높아졌으며, K+, Na+, Mg2+함량은 코이어 비율이 늘어날수록 높았다. 가지의 생육 조사결과 혼합배지 간의 특별한 경향은 없었으나 Coir에서 초장, SPAD, 줄기 생체중 및 건물중이 가장 낮았다. 과실 수량은 UC7P3과 UC5P5에서 10.6개로 가장 많았고, 주당 무게와 과경, 상품률은 UC5P5 가장 높았다. 따라서 사용된 코이어 배지를 가지 고형배지경으로 이용할 경우 펄라이트와 50:50(v:v)로 혼합하였을 때 수량과 상품성이 좋을 것으로 판단된다.
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Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Growth and Physicochemical Characteristics of Coir Substrates Used for Hydroponic Cultivation
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Research Article
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Comparative Genomic Analysis and Expression Profiling under Cold Stress of NAC Transcription Factors in Rosaceae
장미과 작물 NAC 전사인자군의 비교 유전체 및 저온 스트레스 발현 분석
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Hyeon Su Hwang, Hye Jeong Cho, Minseok Lee, Jun Hyeok Kim, Seungill Kim
황현수, 조혜정, 이민석, 김준혁, 김승일
- The NAC gene family consists of plant-specific transcription factors that regulate organ development and stress responses. Despite their biological importance, NAC genes …
NAC 유전자군은 식물 특이적인 전사인자로서 기관 발달과 스트레스 반응 조절에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 장미과 작물의 NAC 유전자에 대한 연구는 아직 미흡하다. …
- The NAC gene family consists of plant-specific transcription factors that regulate organ development and stress responses. Despite their biological importance, NAC genes remain poorly characterized in Rosaceae crops. In this study, we re-annotated NAC genes in apple (Malus domestica), pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and rice (Oryza sativa). A total of 677 NAC genes were identified, including 92 newly annotated genes. Of these, 46 (50.0%) were in apple and 36 (39.1%) in pear, indicating that the majority of newly identified genes are specific to Rosaceae crops. A gene ontology analysis revealed that NAC genes are primarily associated with transcriptional regulation and DNA binding, consistent with their role as transcription factors. Analyses of the domain architecture and sequence conservation showed that several subdomains within the NAC domain are highly conserved across species. Motif and phylogenetic analyses classified NAC genes into nine subfamilies, with lineage-specific expansions observed in apple and pear. An expression analysis under cold stress in pear identified differentially expressed NAC genes co-expressed with cold tolerance-related genes, suggesting their potential regulatory roles. These results provide a comprehensive characterization of NAC genes in Rosaceae and offer a valuable resource for future functional and breeding studies.
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NAC 유전자군은 식물 특이적인 전사인자로서 기관 발달과 스트레스 반응 조절에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 장미과 작물의 NAC 유전자에 대한 연구는 아직 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 주요 장미과 작물인 사과(Malus domestica)와 배(Pyrus pyrifolia), 모델 식물인 애기장대(Arabidopsis thaliana)와 벼(Oryza sativa)의 유전체 정보를 기반으로 NAC 유전자군을 재동정하였고, 총 677개의 NAC 유전자를 확인하였다. 이 중 92개는 새롭게 동정된 유전자로, 사과에서 46개(50.0%), 배에서 36개(39.1%)가 확인되어 대부분이 장미과 작물에 존재함을 확인하였다. Gene Ontology 분석 결과, NAC 유전자들은 주로 전사 조절 및 DNA 결합 기능과 관련되어 있었으며, 이는 전사인자로서의 일반적 특성과 일치하였다. 또한 NAC 도메인의 구조 및 서열 보존도 분석을 통해 특정 서브도메인이 종 간에 높게 보존되어 있음을 확인하였다. 모티프 및 계통 분석을 통해 NAC 유전자군을 9개의 하위 그룹으로 분류하였으며, 사과와 배에서는 특정 그룹에서 유의미한 유전자 확장이 관찰되었다. 배를 대상으로 수행한 저온 스트레스 조건의 발현 분석에서는 다수의 NAC 유전자가 차등 발현되었고, 저온 내성과 관련된 유전자들과의 공동 발현 양상이 나타나 이들의 기능적 역할 가능성을 시사하였다. 본 연구는 장미과 작물의 NAC 유전자에 대한 포괄적인 정보를 제공하며, 향후 기능 분석 및 육종 연구의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
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Comparative Genomic Analysis and Expression Profiling under Cold Stress of NAC Transcription Factors in Rosaceae
Horticultural Science and Technology
