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2026 Vol.44, Issue 1

Research Article

Comparison of Metabolite Levels and Antioxidant Activity between Dried Fruits of the Korean Traditional ‘Bokjo’ and Three Large-sized Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) Cultivars

한국 재래종 ‘복조’와 왕대추 3 품종 간 건조 열매의 대사산물 함량 및 항산화 활성 비교

MiAe Cho1*
,
Chang Moo Lee1
,
Uk Lee2
,
Jinwook Lee3
,
Hnin Phyu Lwin34
,
Dong-Shin Kim5
,
Jong Cheol Park1
조 미애1*
,
이 창무1
,
이 욱2
,
이 진욱3
,
히닌 퓨 르원34
,
김 동신5
,
박 종철1
1Cheonsu Mountain Medicinal Herb Research Association, Seongnam 13637, Korea
2Special Forest Resources Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea
3Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
4Tree Fruit and Extension Center, Washington State University, 1100 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee WA 98801, USA
5Postharvest Technology Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
1사단법인천수산약초연구회
2국립산림과학원 산림특용자원연구과
3중앙대학교 식물생명공학과
4워싱턴주립대학교
5농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 저장유통과
*Corresponding Author
28 February 2026. pp. 115-131
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Abstract

The cultivated area of large-sized Ziziphus jujuba Mill., commonly known as wang jujube in South Korea, is undergoing an expansion due to the increasing recognition of its value as a fresh fruit. This study aimed to analyze differences in metabolites and antioxidant activities between the dried fruits of Korean ‘Bokjo’ landrace and three cultivars of large-sized jujube as part of an effort to evaluate the potential use of wang jujube as a medicinal material and food ingredient. The sugar content was highest in the Cheonhwang, Daeneung, Hwangsil, and Bokjo cultivars, in descending order, while the organic acid content was highest in Daeneung, followed by Cheonhwang, Bokjo, and Hwangsil. The levels of minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids were most abundant in Bokjo, followed by Hwangsil, Daeneung, and Cheonhwang. Phenolic compounds were most abundant in Bokjo, Daeneung, Hwangsil, and Cheonhwang, with rutin and quercetin being predominant in Bokjo, Cheonhwang, and Hwangsil, while Daeneung mainly contained rutin and gallic acid. A principal component analysis revealed that the three large-sized jujube cultivars were compositionally distinct from the traditional Bokjo variety, forming two separate groups: the ‘Bokjo-Hwangsil’ group and the ‘Cheonhwang-Daeneung’ group. The overall DPPH antioxidant activity ranged from 66.5 to 70.7%, showing minimal differences across cultivars. The ABTS antioxidant activity ranged from 68.3 to 69.2%, showing no significant variation. Positive correlations were observed between the antioxidant activity and several compounds, in this case palmitic acid, phloridzin, acetic acid, aspartic acid, palmitoleic acid, copper, stearic acid, total flavonoids, calcium, sucrose, hyperin, and potassium. In conclusion, while there were differences in the metabolite composition among the four cultivars, their antioxidant activities showed some similarities. These findings suggest that dried fruits of the Hwangsil, Daeneung, and Cheonhwang cultivars can potentially find uses as medicinal and functional food ingredients. However, further research is necessary to elucidate how compositional differences influence biological efficacy in these cultivars.

Keywords
functional component
hierarchical cluster analysis
individual phenolic compound
jujube
principal component analysis

왕대추(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)는 생과용 과일이라는 인식의 확산으로 재배면적이 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국 재래종 ‘복조’와 왕대추 품종 간 건조된 과일에서의 대사체 및 항산화 활성 차이를 비교 분석하여, 왕대추의 약재와 식재료로의 이용성을 검토하고자 하였다. 네 품종의 구성 성분으로 유리당은 ‘천황’, ‘대능’, ‘황실’, ‘복조’ 순, 유기산은 ‘대능’, ‘천황’, ‘복조’, ‘황실’ 순으로 높았으며, 미네랄, 아미노산과 지방산은 ‘복조’, ‘황실’, ‘대능’, ‘천황’ 순으로 높았다. 개별 페놀성분은 ‘복조’, ‘대능’, ‘황실’, ‘천황’ 순으로 함유되어 있었는데, ‘복조’, ‘천황’ 및 ‘황실’ 품종에는 rutin과 quercetin이 주로 함유되어 있었고, ‘대능’에는 rutin, gallic acid가 주로 함유되어 있었다. 주성분 분석을 통하여 왕건대추 세 품종은 재래종인 ‘복조’와는 거리가 있는 구성 성분을 함유하는 것으로 나타났고, ‘복조’–‘황실’ 그룹과 ‘천황’–‘대능’ 그룹으로 나뉘었다. 네 품종간 항산화 활성 비교 시, DPPH 항산화 활성은 약 66.5–70.7%, ABTS 항산화 활성은 약 68.3–69.2%로 활성 차이는 크지 않았다. 항산화 활성에는 palmitic acid, phloridzin, acetic acid, aspartic acid, palmitoleic acid, Cu, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, 총 플라보노이드, Ca, sucrose, hyperin, K 등이 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 건대추 네 품종의 대사산물 함량은 각각 구성에 차이가 있으나 항산화 활성은 큰 차이가 없어 왕대추인 ‘황실’, 대능, ‘천황’ 품종의 건대추도 약용 및 기능식품으로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 다만 품종간 구성 성분간 차이가 효능에 어떤 차이를 보일지에 대해서는 보다 세밀한 연구가 필요하다.

키워드
기능성 성분
계층적 군집 분석
개별 페놀성 화합물
대추
주성분 분석
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국원예학회
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 44
  • No :1
  • Pages :115-131
  • Received Date : 2024-11-13
  • Revised Date : 2025-04-18
  • Accepted Date : 2025-04-24
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20250049
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