All Issue

2022 Vol.40, Issue 1 Preview Page

Research Article

Antifungal Effects of Peracetic Acid on Fungi Causing Black Stain in Asian Pear
Ung Yang1†
Minseok Ham2†
Kyung Kyu Lee2
Seung Gon Wi1
Bok-Rye Lee1
Sang-Hyun Lee12*
1Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
2Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
*Corresponding Author
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
28 February 2022. pp. 39-51
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Black stain is a postharvest disease that occurs on the skin of Niitaka pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) during cold storage, causing significant economic losses to pear production. We investigated the antifungal effects of peracetic acid (PAA), which is a strong oxidizing agent and an effective disinfectant, on fungi that cause black stain, and we confirmed its preventive effect on black stain after application to pears. Fungal isolates were identified as the type species of Cladosporium porophorum through molecular identification of internal transcribed spacer regions and the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. To assess antifungal effects of PAA and NaOCl on C. porophorum, several susceptibility tests including disc diffusion, mycelial growth tests, and microdilution assays were performed. A comparison of antifungal effects of PAA and NaOCl on C. porophorum showed that the PAA concentrations that inhibit mycelial growth or metabolic activity were two-fold lower than those of NaOCl. When conidia were used as a fungal inoculum, PAA completely inhibited fungal growth and metabolic activity at concentrations of 0.02%–0.08% and 0.005%, respectively, whereas PAA concentrations of at least 0.1% were required to achieve sufficient growth inhibition of growing mycelium. After application of PAA to pears, the incidence rate of black stain in fruits treated with 0.1% PAA was approximately half (31.1% ± 1.9%) of that in untreated fruits (58.8% ± 4.5%). Therefore, the antifungal effects of PAA on fungi causing black stain may help reduce postharvest losses of Niitaka pears during cold storage.

Keywords
alternative
decay
effectiveness
fungicidal
innocuous
management
Pyrus pyrifolia
References
1
Ali EM, Pandit LK, Mulvaney KA, Amiri A (2018) Sensitivity of Phacidiopycnis spp. isolates from pome fruit to six pre-and postharvest fungicides. Plant Dis 102:533-539. doi:10.1094/PDIS-07-17-1014-RE 10.1094/PDIS-07-17-1014-RE30673472
2
Bensch K, Braun U, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2012) The genus Cladosporium. Stud Mycol 72:1-401. doi:10.3114/sim0003 10.3114/sim000322815589PMC3390897
3
Bernardi AO, Stefanello A, Garcia MV, Parussolo G, Stefanello RF, Moro CB, Copetti MV (2018) Efficacy of commercial sanitizers against fungi of concern in the food industry. LWT - Food Sci Technol 97:25-30. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2018.06.037 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.06.037
4
Chen L, Ingham B, Ingham S (2004) Survival of Penicillium expansum and patulin production on stored apples after wash treatments. J Food Sci 69:C669-C675. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2004.tb18016.x 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2004.tb18016.x
5
Chhetri RK, Di Gaetano S, Turolla A, Antonelli M, Andersen HR (2020) Ecotoxicity evaluation of pure peracetic acid (PAA) after eliminating hydrogen peroxide from commercial PAA. Int J Environ Res Public health 17:5031. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145031 10.3390/ijerph1714503132668774PMC7400010
6
Chun JP, Choi JS, Ahn YJ (2010) Utilization of fruit bags coated with nano-silver for controlling black stain on fruit skin of 'Niitaka' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia). Hortic Environ Biotechnol 51:245-248
7
Hazen KC (1998) Fungicidal versus fungistatic activity of terbinafine and itraconazole: an in vitro comparison. J Am Acad Dermatol 38:S37-S41. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70482-7 10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70482-7
8
Hong YP, Jung DS, Lee SK (2003) Causal factors of black stain during cold storage of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) and its postharvest control. Korean J Food Preserv 10:447-453
9
Kim J, Huang CH (2021) Reactivity of Peracetic Acid with Organic Compounds: A Critical Review. ACS ES&T Water 1:15-33. doi:10.1021/acsestwater.0c00029 10.1021/acsestwater.0c00029
10
Kim JK, Park YS, Seo HH, Lee HC, Lee JS (2006) Factors involved with the incidence of black stain in pear fruits during growing season. Res Plant Dis 12:164-167. doi:10.5423/RPD.2006.12.3.164 10.5423/RPD.2006.12.3.164
11
Kitis M (2004) Disinfection of wastewater with peracetic acid: a review. Environ Int 30:47-55. doi:10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00147-8 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00147-8
12
Komárek M, Čadková E, Chrastný V, Bordas F, Bollinger JC (2010) Contamination of vineyard soils with fungicides: a review of environmental and toxicological aspects. Environ Int 36:138-151. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2009.10.005 10.1016/j.envint.2009.10.00519913914
13
Korukluoglu M, Sahan Y, Yigit A (2006) The fungicidal efficacy of various commercial disinfectants used in the food industry. Ann Microbiol 56:325-330. doi:10.1007/BF03175025 10.1007/BF03175025
14
Lee JS, Choi JH, Park JH, Kim DH, Han KS, Han YK (2009) Effect of skin sooty and decay disease control on 'Niitaka'pear fruit for storage. Res Plant Dis 15:230-235. doi:10.5423/RPD.2009.15.3.230 10.5423/RPD.2009.15.3.230
15
Lemos JG, Stefanello A, Bernardi AO, Garcia MV, Magrini LN, Cichoski AJ, Wagner R, Copetti MV (2020) Antifungal efficacy of sanitizers and electrolyzed waters against toxigenic Aspergillus. Food Res Int 137:109451. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109451 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.10945133233129
16
Lipke PN (2018) What we do not know about fungal cell adhesion molecules. J Fungi 4:59. doi:10.3390/jof4020059 10.3390/jof402005929772751PMC6023273
17
Lutz MC, Sosa MC, Colodner AD (2017) Effect of pre and postharvest application of fungicides on postharvest decay of Bosc pear caused by Alternaria-Cladosporium complex in North Patagonia, Argentina. Sci Hort 225:810-817. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.05.007 10.1016/j.scienta.2017.05.007
18
Malchesky PS (1993) Peracetic acid and its application to medical instrument sterilization. Artif 17:147-152. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.1993.tb00423.x 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1993.tb00423.x8215939
19
Mari M, Bertolini P, Pratella G (2003) Non‐conventional methods for the control of post‐harvest pear diseases. J Appl Microbiol 94:761-766. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01920.x 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01920.x12694440
20
Mari M, Cembali T, Baraldi E, Casalini L (1999) Peracetic acid and chlorine dioxide for postharvest control of Monilinia laxa in stone fruits. Plant Dis 83:773-776. doi:10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.8.773 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.8.77330845567
21
Mari M, Di Francesco A, Bertolini P (2014) Control of fruit postharvest diseases: old issues and innovative approaches. Stewart Postharvest Rev 10:1-4. doi:10.2212/spr.2014.1.1 10.2212/spr.2014.1.1
22
McDonnell G, Russell AD (1999) Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 12:147-179. doi:10.1128/CMR.12.1.147 10.1128/CMR.12.1.1479880479PMC88911
23
Min KH, Song JH, Cho BH, Yang KY (2015) Effect of lime sulfur on changes of fungal diversity in pear fallen leaves. Kor J Mycol 43:281-285. doi:10.4489/KJM.2015.43.4.281 10.4489/KJM.2015.43.4.281
24
Monarca S, Richardson SD, Feretti D, Grottolo M, Thruston AD, Zani C, Navazio G, Ragazzo P, Zerbini I, et al (2002) Mutagenicity and disinfection by‐products in surface drinking water disinfected with peracetic acid. Environ Toxicol Chem 21:309-318. doi:10.1002/etc.5620210212 10.1002/etc.562021021211833799
25
Monarca S, Rizzoni M, Gustavino B, Zani C, Alberti A, Feretti D, Zerbini I (2003) Genotoxicity of surface water treated with different disinfectants using in situ plant tests. Environ Mol Mutagen 41:353-359. doi:10.1002/em.10161 10.1002/em.1016112802806
26
Moon B-W, Yoon D-H, Nam K-W (2014) Effect of pre-and post-harvest treatments on the fruit quality and the occurrence of fruit skin stain during the storage of 'Niitaka' pears. Korean J Food Preserv 21:468-472. doi:10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.4.468 10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.4.468
27
Mowat E, Butcher J, Lang S, Williams C, Ramage G (2007) Development of a simple model for studying the effects of antifungal agents on multicellular communities of Aspergillus fumigatus. J Med Microbiol 56:1205-1212. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.47247-0 10.1099/jmm.0.47247-017761484
28
Müller P, Raabe G, Hörold J, Juretzek U (1988) Action of chronic peracetic acid (Wofasteril®) administration on the rabbit oral mucosa, vaginal mucosa, and skin. Exp pathol 34:223-228. doi:10.1016/S0232-1513(88)80154-3 10.1016/S0232-1513(88)80154-3
29
Nam KW, Oh SY, Yoon DH (2014) Pear skin stain caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola on Niitaka pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). Plant Pathol J 30:229. doi:10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2014.0030 10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2014.003025289008PMC4181109
30
Oruc HH (2010) Fungicides and their effects on animals. Fungicides, Odile Carisse (Ed), IntechOpen pp 349-362. doi:10.5772/12959 10.5772/12959
31
Park Y, Kim K, Suh H, Kim Y, Cho B, Hwang Y (2008c) The skin sooty dapple disease of pear caused by fungi. Koren J Hortic Sci Technol 26:90-96
32
Park YS, Kim KC, Lee JH, Cho SM, Choi YS, Kim YC (2008b) Cladosporium sp. is the major causal agent in the microbial complex associated with the skin sooty dapple disease of the asian pear in Korea. Plant Pathol J 24:118-124. doi:10.5423/PPJ.2008.24.2.118 10.5423/PPJ.2008.24.2.118
33
Park YS, Kim KC, Lee JH, Kim IS, Choi YS, Cho SM, Kim YC (2008a) Etiology and chemical control of skin sooty dapple disease of asian pear. Korean J Pestic Sci 12:375-381
34
Perkhofer S, Lugger H, Dierich MP, Lass-Flörl C (2007) Posaconazole enhances the activity of amphotericin B against Aspergillus hyphae in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:791-793. doi:10.1128/AAC.01024-06 10.1128/AAC.01024-0617116665PMC1797736
35
Rouabhi R (2010) Introduction and toxicology of fungicides. Fungicides, Odile Carisse (Ed), IntechOpen 363-382. doi:10.5772/12967 10.5772/12967
36
Shah S, Hashmi MS (2020) Chitosan-aloe vera gel coating delays postharvest decay of mango fruit. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 61:279-289. doi:10.1007/s13580-019-00224-7 10.1007/s13580-019-00224-7
37
Smilanick JL, Mansour M, Sorenson D (2014) Performance of fogged disinfectants to inactivate conidia of Penicillium digitatum within citrus degreening rooms. Postharvest Biol Technol 91:134-140. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.12.020 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.12.020
38
Stefanello A, Fracari JC, Silva M, Lemos JG, Garcia MV, Dos Santos BA, Copetti MV (2021) Influence of type, concentration, exposure time, temperature, and presence of organic load on the antifungal efficacy of industrial sanitizers against Aspergillus brasiliensis (ATCC 16404). Food Microbiol 97:103740. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2021.103740 10.1016/j.fm.2021.10374033653519
39
Stefanello A, Magrini LN, Lemos JG, Garcia MV, Bernardi AO, Cichoski AJ, Copetti MV (2020) Comparison of electrolized water and multiple chemical sanitizer action against heat-resistant molds (HRM). Int J Food Microbiol 335:108856. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108856 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.10885632961522
40
Sugar D, Basile SR (2008) Timing and sequence of postharvest fungicide and biocontrol agent applications for control of pear decay. Postharvest Biol Technol 49:107-112. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.12.008 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.12.008
41
Tripathi P, Dubey N (2004) Exploitation of natural products as an alternative strategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruit and vegetables. Postharvest Biol Technol 32:235-245. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2003.11.005 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2003.11.005
42
Van de Sande WW, Tavakol M, Van Vianen W, Bakker-Woudenberg IA (2010) The effects of antifungal agents to conidial and hyphal forms of Aspergillus fumigatus. Med Mycol 48:48-55. doi:10.3109/13693780802713497 10.3109/1369378080271349720055743
43
Vandekinderen I, Devlieghere F, De Meulenaer B, Ragaert P, Van Camp J (2009) Optimization and evaluation of a decontamination step with peroxyacetic acid for fresh-cut produce. Food Microbiol 26:882-888. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2009.06.004 10.1016/j.fm.2009.06.00419835776
44
Vilgalys R, Hester M (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J bacteriol 172:4238-4246. doi:10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990 10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.19902376561PMC213247
45
Watanabe M, Tsutsumi F, Konuma R, Lee KI, Kawarada K, Sugita-Konishi Y, Kumagai S, Takatori K, Konuma H, et al (2011) Quantitative analysis of mycoflora on commercial domestic fruits in Japan. J Food Prot 74:1488-1499. doi:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-485 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-48521902918
46
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18:315-322. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1 10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-11696192
47
Win NM, Yoo J, Lwin HP, Lee EJ, Kang IK, Lee J (2021) Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and aminoethoxyvinylglycine treatments on fruit quality and antioxidant metabolites in cold-stored 'Sangjudungsi' persimmons. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 62:891-905. doi:10.1007/s13580-021-00360-z 10.1007/s13580-021-00360-z
48
Wisniewski M, Droby S, Norelli J, Liu J, Schena L (2016) Alternative management technologies for postharvest disease control: The journey from simplicity to complexity. Postharvest Biol Technol 122:3-10. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.05.012 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.05.012
49
Yoo J, Kang IK, Ryu S, Win NM, Lee J (2019) Effect of application timing of deastringency and 1-methylcyclopropene treatments on fruit quality attributes and physiological disorders of two astringent persimmon cultivars during cold storage. Hortic Sci Technol 37:384-394
50
Yoon HS, Choi IL, Heo JY, Kim JY, Han SJ, Kang HM (2018) Influence of hot water immersion and MAP pre-treatments on sterilization and asparagus spear qualities during cold storage. Hortic Sci Technol 36:756-765. doi:10.12972/kjhst.20180074 10.12972/kjhst.20180074
51
Yuan YW (2019) CTAB DNA Extraction for genotyping. doi:10.17504/protocols.io.3rrgm56 10.17504/protocols.io.3rrgm56
52
Yun S, Hong Y, Mok I, Lee C (2000) Factors involved with the incidence of black stain in 'Niitaka' pear during storage. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 41:523-525
Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 40
  • No :1
  • Pages :39-51
  • Received Date :2021. 04. 19
  • Revised Date :2021. 09. 17
  • Accepted Date : 2021. 10. 12
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20220005
Journal Informaiton Horticultural Science and Technology Horticultural Science and Technology
Online Submission
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close