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Comparative Analysis of Reproductive and Vegetative Resource Allocation Strategies between Licorice Species (Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. korshinskyi) under Varying Temperatures

온도 변화에 따른 감초 종(Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. korshinskyi)별 유성 및 영양번식 자원 배분 전략 비교

Yong Il Kim13
,
Jeong Hoon Lee2
,
Young Ho Yoon1
,
Jae Hwan Kim1
,
Myeong Ja Kwak3
,
Su Young Woo3*
김 용일13
,
이 정훈2
,
윤 영호1
,
김 재환1
,
곽 명자3
,
우 수영3*
1Industrial Crop Cultivation Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea
2Industrial Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea
3Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
1국립원예특작과학원 특용작물재배과
2국립원예특작과학원 특용작물육종과
3서울시립대학교 환경원예학과
*Corresponding Author
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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of temperature variations on the reproductive and underground characteristics of two licorice species—Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. korshinskyi (Wongam)—under a controlled-temperature gradient tunnel (TGT) system over a five-year cultivation period. The experiment analyzed aboveground growth, flowering, fruiting, and underground biomass accumulation in response to temperature shifts across T1 to T4 zones (with up to a 5.9°C difference). Results indicated that G. uralensis exhibited significantly reduced flowering and fruiting under higher-temperature zones, with an average of only 2.2 flowers and 0.2 fruits per plant in the second year, compared to 56.2 and 24.6 respectively for Wongam. In contrast, Wongam maintained stable reproductive output under elevated temperatures, though its reproductive yield plateaued after the third year. A correlation analysis showed a strong positive association between shoot length and flowering number (r = 0.809–0.972) and a strong negative association between high temperatures and fruit numbers, particularly in July (r = ‒0.742 – ‒0.978). An underground biomass analysis in the fifth year revealed that Wongam allocated approximately 91% of its underground mass to rhizomes, compared to 63% in G. uralensis, indicating a shift toward vegetative propagation. These findings suggest divergent reproductive strategies between the two species: G. uralensis gradually increases sexual reproduction with age, while Wongam exhibits early flowering followed by a shift to clonal propagation via rhizomes. This research provides foundational physiological insights for optimizing seed production and cultivar management of licorice in warming climates.

Keywords
Flowering
fruiting
G. korshinskyi
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
root-rhizome ratio
temperature gradient
Wongam

본 연구는 온도 변화가 감초 두 종(Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 만주감초 / G. korshinskyi, 원감)의 생식 및 지하부 특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자, 온도구배터널(Temperature Gradient Tunnel, TGT) 내에서 5년간 장기 재배 실험을 수행하였다. T1–T4의 구간별로 최대 약 5.9°C의 온도 차이를 갖는 조건에서 생육, 개화, 결실 및 지하부 생체량을 조사하였다.

그 결과, G. uralensis는 고온 구간에서 개화 및 결실이 크게 저하되었으며, 2년차의 주당 평균 개화수와 결실수는 각각 2.2개, 0.2개에 불과하였다. 반면 원감 품종은 같은 해에 각각 56.2개, 24.6개로, 조기 개화 및 결실 능력이 우수하게 나타났으며, 고온에서도 생식 성과가 비교적 안정적으로 유지되었다. 다만, 원감은 3년차 이후 결실량 증가가 둔화되었다. 상관분석 결과, 초장과 개화수 간에는 강한 정(+)의 상관관계(r = 0.809–0.972)가 나타났으며, 특히 7월 평균기온과 결실수 간에는 강한 부(‒)의 상관관계(r = ‒0.742 ~ ‒0.978)가 확인되어 고온의 영향이 뚜렷함을 시사하였다. 5년차 지하부 분석 결과, 원감 품종은 전체 지하부의 약 91%를 지하경에 배분한 반면, G. uralensis는 약 63% 수준으로 나타나, 종 간 번식 전략의 차이를 반영하였다. 이러한 결과는 G. uralensis가 연차 증가에 따라 유성생식을 강화하는 반면, 원감 품종은 조기 개화를 보인 후 클론 번식을 위한 지하경 생장으로 전환하는 전략을 갖고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 향후 지구 온난화 환경에서 감초의 품종 이용 체계 및 종자 생산 기술 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

키워드
개화
결실
코르신스키
만주감초
뿌리-지하경 비율
온도구배
원감
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국원예학회
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Received Date : 2025-08-22
  • Revised Date : 2025-12-19
  • Accepted Date : 2025-12-23
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20250082
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