All Issue

2014 Vol.32, Issue 1 Preview Page
Genetic Diversity and Spatial Genetic Structure of Berchemia racemosa var. magna in Anmyeon Island

안면도 먹넌출 집단의 유전다양성과 공간적 유전구조

Song Jeong-Ho1
,
Lim Hyo-In2*
,
Jang Kyeong-Hwan2
,
Hong Kyung-Nak2
,
Han Jingyu2
송 정호1
,
임 효인2*
,
장 경환2
,
홍 경낙2
,
한 진규2
1Division of Special-purpose Trees, Korea Forest Research Institute
2Division of Forest Genetic Resources, Korea Forest Research Institute
1국립산림과학원 특용자원연구과
2국립산림과학원 산림유전자원과
*교신저자. *Corresponding Author. 
28 February 2014. pp. 84-90
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Berchemia racemosa var. magna is only found in Anmyeon Island of South Korea. Genetic diversity and the spatial genetic structure of B. racemosa var. magna in Anmyeon Island were studied by I-SSR marker system. Fifty I-SSR amplicons were produced from 8 selected primers. We used 13 polymorphic markers to analyze the genetic structure. Distribution of 39 individuals in the study plot (90 m × 70 m) showed aggregate pattern (aggregation index = 0.706). Total 21 genets were observed from 39 individuals through I-SSR genotyping. Proportion of distinguishable genotype (G/N), genotype diversity (D) and genotype evenness (E) were 53.8%, 0.966 and 0.946, respectively. In spite of the small number and the narrow distribution, Shannon’s diversity index (I = 0.598) was relatively high as compared with those of the other plant species. For ex situ genetic conservation of B. racemosa var. magna, the sampling strategy based on spatial autocorrelation using Tanimoto distance is efficient at choosing the conserved individuals with a 6 meter interval between individual trees.

Keywords
aggregation index
I-SSR marker
sampling strategy
Shannon’s diversity index
spatial autocorrelation

우리나라에서 먹넌출은 안면도 지역에서만 소나무 숲에서 제한적으로 분포하는 덩굴성 식물이다. 본 연구는 먹넌출 집단의 분포형태와 특성, 유전다양성 및 공간분포에 따른 유전구조를 파악하는데 있다. 선발된 8개 I-SSR primer에서 총 50개의 I-SSR 증폭산물을 얻었으며 37개의 단형성 증폭산물을 제외한 13개의 다형적 증폭산물을 분석에 이용하였다. 공간적 자기상관 분석을 위한 조사구 90m × 70m 내에 총 39개체의 먹넌출이 자생하고 있었으며, 군집지수(aggregation index)는 0.706으로 집중분포(clumped distribution)하는 공간분포를 나타냈다. I-SSR 표지자 분석 결과 39개체 중 유전자형이 서로 다른 21개의 유성생식체(genet)가 식별되었으며, 유전자형 비율(G/N)은 53.8%, 유전자형 다양성(D)은 0.966, 유전자형 균등도(E)는 0.946으로 각각 나타났다. Shannon의 다양성지수(I = 0.598)는 적은 개체수와 제한적 분포에도 불구하고 다른 수종들에 비해 비교적 높은 유전다양성을 나타냈다. Tanimoto distance를 이용한 공간적 자기상관 분석 결과 안면도 먹넌출의 현지외 보존을 위한 표본 추출 전략은 6m 이상의 간격을 두고 개체를 선발하는 것이 타당한 것으로 나타났다.

키워드
군집지수
I-SSR 표지자
표본 추출 전략
Shannon의 다양성지수
공간적 자기상관
References
1
Beon, M.S. and Y.H. Kim. 2008. Vegetation structure and population dynamics of Berchemia racemosa habits. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 22:679-690.
2
Chang, C.S., H. Kim, and T.Y. Park. 2003. Patterns of allozyme diversity in several selected rare species in Korea and impli-cations for conservation. Biodivers. Conserv. 12:529-544.
3
Chen, T.L. and S. Carsten. 2007. Berchemia, p. 124-130. In: Z.Y. Wu, P.H. Raven, and D.Y. Hong. (eds.). Flora of China, Vol. 12. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
4
Choi, H.S., K.N. Hong, J.M. Chung, B.Y. Kang, and W.W. Kim. 2004a. Genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum in Mt. Halla, South Korea. J. Korean For. Soc. 93:175-180.
5
Choi, H.S., K.N. Hong, J.M. Chung, and W.W. Kim. 2004b. Spatial genetic sturucture and genetic diversity of a rare endemic Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii in Mt. Halla, Korea. Korean J. Ecol. 27:257-261.
6
Chung, M.G. and E.K. Epperson. 2000. Clonal and spatial genetic structure in Eurya emarginata (Theaceae). Heredity 84:170-177.
7
Clark, P.J. and F.C. Evans. 1954. Distance to nearest neighbor as a measure of spatial relationships in populations. Ecology 35:445-453.
8
Degen, B., R. Petit and A. Kremer. 2001. SGS-spatial genetic software: A computer program for analysis of spatial genetic and phenotypic structures of individuals and populations. J. Hered. 92:447-448.
9
Ellstrand, N.C. and M.L. Roose. 1987. Patterns of genotypic diversity in clonal plant species. Am. J. Bot. 74:123-131.
10
Escudero, A., J.M. Irionda, and M.E. Torres. 2003. Spatial analysis of genetic diversity as a tool for plant conservation. Biol. Conserv. 113:351-365.
11
Fager, E.W. 1972. Diversity: A sampling study. Am. Nat. 106: 293-310.
12
Felsenstein, J. 2009. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package). University of Washington, Seattle. Version 3.69. http://evolution. genetics.washington.edu/phylip.
13
Hamrick, J.L. M.J.W. Godt, and S.L. Sherman-Broyles. 1992. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species. New Forests 6:95-124.
14
Hong, Y.P., H.Y. Kwon, K.S. Kim, K.N. Hong, and Y.Y. Kim. 2004. Discordance between geographical distribution and genetic relationship among populations of Japanese red pine in Korea revealed by analysis of I-SSR markers. Silvae Genet. 53:89-92.
15
Jensen, J.L., A.J. Bohonak, and S.T. Kelley. 2005. Isolation by distance, web service. BMC Genet. 6:13. Version 3.21. http:// ibdws.sdsu.edu/.
16
Ji, D.H., Y.T. Kim, K.N. Kang, Y.Y. Lee, and S.H. Cho. 2012. A composition comprising extract of Berchemia racemosa var. magna having antioxidant and whitening effect. Korea intellectual property rights (10-2011-0083528).
17
Kang, B.Y., K.N. Hong, J.M. Chung, and Y.P. Hong. 2003. Spatial genetic structure of Korean black raspberry (Rubus coreanus) at Mt. Chiak using I-SSR markers. J. Korean For. Soc. 92:558-566.
18
Kawamoto, T. 1943. Illstrated manual of Korean trees and shrubs (= Chosen Shinrin Shokubutsu Zusetsu). Chosen Natural History Museum Society, Seoul. p. 476-477.
19
Korea National Arboretum (KNA). 2008. Rare plants data book in Korea. GEOBOOK, Seoul. p. 186.
20
Kong, W.S. 2002. Species composition and distribution of Korean alpine plants. Kor. Geogr. Soc. 37:357-370.
21
Krebs, C.J. 1999. Ecological methodology. 2nd ed. Addison Welsey Educational Publishers Inc., California, USA. p. 192-195.
22
Kwon, H.Y. and Z.S. Kim. 2002. I-SSR variation within and among Korean populations in Taxus cuspidata. J. Korean For. Soc. 91:654-660.
23
Lee, T.B. 2003. Coloured flora of Korea. Hyangmunsa, Seoul. p. 716.
24
Lee, S.W., C.S. Kim, K.J. Cho, and W.Y. Choi. 1997. Genetic variation in the endemic rare tree species, Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum K. Koch. Korean J. Breed. 29:376-381.
25
Lee, S.W., Y.M. Kim, and W.W. Kim. 2003. Lack of allozyme and ISSR variation in the rare endemic tree species, Berchemia berchemiaefolia (Rhamnaceae) in Korea. Ann. For. Sci. 60: 357-360.
26
Lewontin, R.C. 1972. The apportionment of human diversity. Evol. Biol. 6:381-398.
27
Nei, M. 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89: 583-590.
28
Park, I.H. and K.J. Cho. 2011. Synecological characteristics and vitality analysis of the Berchemia berchemiaefolia habitat. J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 14(2):97-105.
29
Pearman, P., A. Guisan., O. Broenninmann, and C.F. Randin. 2007. Niche dynamics in space and time. Trends Ecol. Evolution 23:149-158.
30
Pielou, E.C. 1969. An introduction to mathematical ecology. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
31
Reusch, T.B.H., W. Hukriede, W.T. Stam, and J.L. Olsen. 1999. Differentiating between clonal growth and limited gene flow using spatial autocorrelation of microsatellites. Heredity 83: 120-126.
32
Sato, N., S. Ohta, N. Sakurai, A. Kamogawa, T. Inoue, and M. Shinoda. 1995. Protective effects of the stem of Berchemia racemosa Sieb. et Zucc. on experimental liver injuires. J. Pharmaceutical Soc. Japan 115:295-306.
33
Song, J.H., J.J., Kang, K.S., and S.D. Hur. 2008. The variation of leaf form of rare endemic Berchemia berchemiaefolia populations. J. Korean. For. Soc. 97:431-436.
34
Song, J.H., K.H. Jang, B.H. Yang, and H.I. Lim. 2011. Propagation method of natural monument Berchemia racemosa var. magna Makino using hardwood cutting. Korea intellectual property rights (10-2011-0026543).
35
Song, J.H., H.I. Lim, K.N. Hong, K.H. Jang, and Y.P. Hong. 2012. Genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of dwarf stone pine in Daecheongbong Area, Mt. Seorak. Korean J. Plant Res. 25:407-415.
36
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). 2010. Conference of parties to the convention on biological diversity. Decision X/17. Consolidated update of the global strategy for plant conservation 2011-2020. http://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=12283.
37
Wang, Y.F., J.X. Cao, T. Efferth, G.F. Lai, and S.D. Luo. 2006. Cytotoxic and new tetralone derivatives from Berchemia floribunda (Wall.) Brongn. Chem. Biodivers. 3:646-653.
38
Yeh, F.C., R.C. Yang, T.B.J. Boyle, Z.H. Ye, and J.X. Mao. 1997. POPGENE, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 32
  • No :1
  • Pages :84-90
  • Received Date : 2013-03-20
  • Revised Date : 2013-09-03
  • Accepted Date : 2013-10-01
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.13042
Journal Informaiton Horticultural Science and Technology Horticultural Science and Technology
Online Submission
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close