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Research Article

Characterizing the Metabolic Regulation of Organic Acids in the Fruits of ‘Minihyang’ Mandarin at Different Developmental Stages and on Different Rootstocks

‘미니향’ 만다린 과실에서 생육단계와 대목에 따른 과실 유기산 대사의 조절 특성

Ha Rim Hong12
,
Eun Ui Oh1
,
Seung Gap Han3
,
Su Hyun Yun3
,
Ho Bang Kim45
,
Kwan Jeong Song1*
홍 하림12
,
오 은의1
,
한 승갑3
,
윤 수현3
,
김 호방45
,
송 관정1*
1Department of Horticultural Science, Graduate School, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
2Research Institute of Global Warming & Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 63240, Korea
3Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 63607, Korea
4Life Science Research Institute, Biomedic Co., Ltd, Bucheon 14548, Korea
5Department of Environmental Horticulture, School of Equine Science and Horticulture, Cheju Halla University, Jeju 63092, Korea
1제주대학교 대학원 원예학과
2국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구소
3국립원예특작과학원 감귤연구소
4바이오메딕 생명과학연구소
5한라대학교 환경원예과
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2024. pp. 518-531
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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different rootstocks on the organic acid content of ‘Minihyang’ mandarin at different developmental stages. The titratable acidity of ‘Minihyang’ fruit was the highest in the early stage and decreased rapidly during maturity. The level of acidity in the Flying Dragon rootstock was significantly higher than that in the trifoliate orange rootstock at the early stage of growth, but the difference between them was insignificant during maturity. The content of organic acid showed a similar trend to that of titratable acidity, but the difference between rootstocks was very small. In the early stages of fruit development of ‘Minihyang’ mandarin, most of the organic acids were citric acid, but during maturation and ripening, malic acid was slightly more than citric acid. Unlike the decrease in citric acid, citrate synthase (CS) activity was maintained at a high level throughout the growing period. On the other hand, with the increase in malic acid, the activities of NAD-malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and NADP-malic enzyme(ME) gradually increased. The expression of CS genes related to citric acid synthesis increased gradually with fruit growth, while the expression of aconitase genes related to decomposition increased gradually. MDH and ME genes related to malic acid and oxalic acid synthesis in mitochondria increased with fruit ripening, while cytoplasmic MDH decreased. In addition, in the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), PEPC1 was maintained high throughout the fruit growth period, while PEPC2 showed a gradual increase. The organic acid content and composition of ‘Minihyang’ fruit were regulated by the degree of citric acid synthesis and decomposition and malic acid synthesis. In terms of accumulation of organic acids in vacuole, ATPase genes were expressed at a constant level, while PPase genes were not expressed consistently. The results of this study showed that the organic acid content and composition of ‘Minihyang’ fruit were regulated by the degree of citric acid synthesis and decomposition and malic acid synthesis.

Keywords
citrus
enzyme activity
flying dragon
fruit quality
gene expression

‘미니향’ 만다린에서 과실 생육단계에 따른 유기산 함량 변화와 대목에 의한 영향을 평가하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. ‘미니향’ 과실의 적정산도는 비대 초기에 높았고, 성숙기 이후 급격히 감소하여 낮게 유지되었다. 탱자보다 비룡탱자 대목에서 생육 초기에 유의적으로 높은 수준이었으나, 이후 성숙기의 차이는 미미하였다. 유기산의 함량은 적정 산도와 유사한 경향이었으나, 대목 간의 차이는 매우 적은 편이었다. 과실 생육 초기에는 대부분 구연산이었으나, 성숙기 이후는 오히려 사과산이 구연산보다 약간 많은 경향이었다. 구연산의 감소와 달리 citrate synthase(CS) 활성은 생육기 내내 높게 유지되었다. 반면 사과산의 증가와 더불어 NAD-malic dehydrogenase(MDH)와 NADP-malic enzyme(ME)의 활성은 점차 증가하는 경향이었다. 한편 구연산 합성관련 CS 유전자들의 발현은 과실 생육과 더불어 점차 증가하였고, 분해관련 aconitase 유전자들의 발현은 점차 증가하는 경향이었다. 사과산 및 수산 합성관련 미토콘드리아 내 작용 MDH 및 ME 유전자들은 과실 성숙과 더불어 증가하는 경향이었으나, 세포질 작용 MDH는 반대로 감소하는 경향이었다. 또한 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC)의 발현에서는 PEPC1은 과실 생육기 내내 높게 유지된 반면 PEPC2는 점차 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 액포 내 유기산 축적과 관련해서는 ATPase 유전자들은 발현이 일정하게 유지되는 반면, PPase 유전자들의 발현은 일정하지 않았다. 본 연구결과 ‘미니향’ 과실의 유기산 함량 및 조성은 구연산 합성 및 분해와 사과산 합성 정도에 의해 조절되는 것으로 나타났다.

키워드
감귤
효소 활성
비룡탱자
과실 품질
유전자 발현
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국원예학회
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 42
  • No :4
  • Pages :518-531
  • Received Date : 2023-07-18
  • Revised Date : 2023-09-20
  • Accepted Date : 2023-10-23
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20240042
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