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2023 Vol.41, Issue 4 Preview Page

Research Article

Model-based Calculations of Ventilation Rate, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Absorption Rate by Plants, and Amounts of Ventilated and Supplied CO2 for Tomato Hydroponic Greenhouse during a Winter Season

모델식에 의한 겨울철 토마토 수경재배 온실의 환기율, 작물의 이산화탄소(CO2) 흡수율, 환기에 의한 CO2 손실량 및 공급량 계산

Su-Hyun Choi1
,
Young-Hoe Woo2
,
Dong-Cheol Jang34
,
Young-Ae Jeong1
,
Dae-Hyun Kim45
,
Ho-Seok Seo6
,
Eun-Young Choi1*
최 수현1
,
우 영회2
,
장 동철34
,
정 영애1
,
김 대현45
,
서 호석6
,
최 은영1*
1Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, Korea
2Department of Horticulture Environment System, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
3Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
4Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
5Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
6Seedware Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Korea
1한국방송통신대학교 대학원 농업생명과학과
2국립한국농수산대학교 원예환경시스템학과
3강원대학교 원예학과
4강원대학교 스마트농업융합학과
5강원대학교 에너지공학과
6㈜시드웨어
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2023. pp. 379-389
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Abstract

This study aimed to calculate ventilated carbon dioxide (CO2) and CO2 absorption by plants in a carbon dioxide (CO2) supplemental greenhouse for tomato cultivation during the winter season using a model equation in order to predict the current CO2 concentration and next CO2 supply. A targeted CO2 concentration (600 μmol·mol-1) was supplied from 10 a.m. to 13 p.m. from January 18, 2022 to March 12, 2022 using a CO2 type of fertilizer operated with LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). The ventilation rate ranged from 9.66 to 26.49 m3·m-2·h-1 at greenhouse temperature of 16 to 34°C and relative humidity (RH) of 65 to 93%. The external temperature was in the range of 3 to 20°C and external RH was 42 to 95%. The calculated net assimilation rate was in the range of 5.6 to 11.1 g·m-2·h-1, and the amount of ventilated CO2 ranged from 1.35 to 3.88 g·m-2·h-1. When the CO2 concentration (Ci) was lower than the target CO2 concentration (Cg) at the starting time of CO2 fertilization, the calculated first CO2 supply was in the range of 17.79 to 28.18 g·m-2·h-1. When the CO2 concentration at a certain time (Ct) was lower than the targeted CO2 concentration (Cg) after t hours of supply, the next CO2 supply was between 3.0 and 32.6 g·m-2·h-1. The photosynthesis rate measured at the 83 DAT showed the maximum increase with the 600 µmol·mol-1 of CO2 supplement under the 400 µmol·m-2·s-1 of PPFD, whereas the 800 µmol·mol-1 of CO2 supplement results into its maximum increase under all the PPFD levels higher than 600 µmol·m-2·s-1. Integrating all of the results suggests that during the winter season given the low light intensity, a CO2 supply exceeding 800μmol·mol-1 does not proportionally increase the net assimilation rate; thus, the CO2 supply efficiency appears to be affected more by the ventilated CO2 loss than by the net assimilation rate. These model equations can be used to control the CO2 fertilization in order to improve the yields of fruit vegetables in greenhouses.

Keywords
energy exhaust
enthalpy
hydroponics
net assimilation rate
photosynthesis model

본 연구는 모델식에 의한 겨울철 토마토 수경재배 온실의 환기율, 작물의 CO2 흡수율, 환기에 의한 CO2 손실량 및 공급량을 계산하고 현재 CO2 농도와 다음 CO2 공급량을 예측하고자 수행하였다. 폴리올레핀 필름으로 피복된 스마트 온실(면적 168m2)에서 2021년 11월 21일부터 2022년 3월 26일까지 실시하였다. 탄산시비는 LPG 연소형 탄산시비기로 CO2 600µmol·mol-1을 2022년 1월 18일부터 2022년 3월12일까지 오전 10시부터 13시까지 공급하였다. 온실 온도가 16–34°C, 상대습도(RH)가 65–93%, 온실 외부 온도가 3–20°C, 외부 RH가 42–95% 수준에서 순동화율은 5.64–11.09g·m-2·h-1, CO2 환기 손실량은 1.35–3.88g·m-2·h-1범위를 보였다. 탄산시비 개시 시점에서 온실 CO2 농도(Ci)가 목표 CO2 농도(Cg)보다 낮을 때 이를 고려하여 계산된 첫 CO2 공급량은 17.79–28.18 g·m-2·h-1 범위를 보였고 공급 t시간 후 온실 CO2 농도(Ct)를 계산하고 t시간 후 온실 CO2농도(Ct)가 목표 CO2농도(Cg)보다 낮을 때 계산된 다음 CO2 공급량은 3.0–32.6g·m-2·h-1범위를 보였다. 정식 후 83DAT에 PPFD 400µmol·m-2·s-1에서는 CO2 600µmol·mol-1일 때 광합성율이 최대 증가폭을 보였으며, PPFD 600 이상의 모든 광량에서는 CO2 800에서 최대 증가폭을 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 광량이 낮은 겨울 재배기에 CO2 800µmol·mol-1 이상을 투여해도 순동화율이 증가하지 않으며 CO2 공급 효율은 순동화율보다 환기에 의한 CO2 손실에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다. 탄산시비를 위한 모델식은 CO2 공급량 조절에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
에너지 배기
엔탈피
수경재배
순광합성율
광합성 모델
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 41
  • No :4
  • Pages :379-389
  • Received Date : 2023-01-31
  • Revised Date : 2023-02-15
  • Accepted Date : 2023-03-15
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20230035
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