All Issue

2025 Vol.43, Issue 6 Preview Page

Research Article

Encapsulation of Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) Somatic Embryos with Variations in the Alginate Concentration, Temperature, and Storage Duration
Exsyupransia Mursyanti1*
,
Clara Skivo Ganita Anjani1
,
Gregorius Pramudito Rahmadi1
,
Nelsiani To’bungan1
,
Patricius Kianto Atmodjo1
,
Paulus Wisnu Anggoro2
1Faculty of Biotechnology, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2025. pp. 736-755
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) is a widely known medicinal plant that can be used to treat various diseases. Seeds of the plant are recalcitrant, as evidenced by their high moisture content with a low storage capacity, which reduces their viability. Therefore, this study aims to determine the best hormone combination to induce an embryogenic callus of S. cumini leaves. A total of six hormone combinations were tested at this stage. The study was also carried out to determine the best alginate concentration, the optimum temperature, and the proper storage duration for S. cumini somatic synthetic embryo encapsulation. The parameters observed were the morphology and characteristics of the S. cumini somatic embryo as well as the quality of seeds with the best physical properties and regeneration ability. Alginate concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 4% were tested as parameters for the physical properties, while the regeneration ability was evaluated using the same alginate concentrations with storage durations of 15, 30, and 45 days at temperatures of 15°C and 25°C. The optimal induction of the embryogenic callus was achieved with 2 mg L-1 2,4-D in the absence of BAP, producing a callus with an intermediate texture and yellow-green coloration. The histology of the embryogenic callus cells showed a large nucleus, a round shape, a small size, a thick cell wall, and dense cytoplasm. An alginate concentration of 3% and a storage time of 30 days at 15°C and 25°C produced S. cumini somatic synthetic embryo seeds with the best physical properties and regeneration ability. Optimization of the regeneration medium and the induction of embryos at the green cotyledonary stage are essential for successful somatic embryo encapsulation and subsequent shoot development.

Keywords
embryogenic callus
hormone combination
physical properties
regeneration ability
synthetic seed
References
1

Abbasi F, Majd A, Farahvash F, Nejadsattari T, Tarinejad A (2020) Synthetic seed technology for encapsulation and regrowth of in vitro-derived shoot-tips and somatic embryos of Asparagus officinalis L. Nexo Rev Cient 33:276-285, https://doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v33i02.10767

10.5377/nexo.v33i02.10767
2

Ahmad A, Ahmad N, Anis M, Alatar AA, Abdel-Salam EM, Qahtan AA, Faisal M (2021) Gibberellic acid and thidiazuron promote micropropagation of an endangered woody tree (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.) using in vitro seedlings. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 144:449-462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01969-1

10.1007/s11240-020-01969-1
3

Ahmad N, Faisal M (2018) Effect of TDZ on various plant cultures, in N Ahmad and M Faisal, eds, Thidiazuron: From Urea Derivative to Plant Growth Regulator, Springer, Singapore, pp 439-454. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8004-3_25

10.1007/978-981-10-8004-3_25
4

Ahn JH, Lee SY (2021) High-frequency Microtuberization by One-step Culture without Medium Renewal from Leaf Explants of Pinellia ternata, a Medicinal Plant. Hortic Sci Technol 4:497-506. https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210044

10.7235/HORT.20210044
5

Ali D, Alarifi S, Pandian A (2021) Somatic embryogenesis and in vitro plant regeneration of Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst., a potential medicinal water hyssop plant. Saudi J Biol Sci 28:353-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.013

10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.01333424317PMC7783628
6

Ali S, Baloch A (2020) Overview of Sustainable Plant Growth and Differentiation and the Role of Hormones in Controlling Growth and Development of Plants Under Various Stresses. Recent Pat food Nutr Agric 11:105-114. https://doi.org/10.2174/2212798410666190619104712

10.2174/2212798410666190619104712
7

Al-Jalihawi W, Ali T, Nayef M (2023) Comparative Study between the Growth Regulators Benzyl Adenine (BAP) and Thydizoronate (TDZ) and Nano Iron in the Growth and Multiplication of Citrumelo Shoots in Vitro. IOP Conf Ser Earth Sci 1158:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1158/4/042051

10.1088/1755-1315/1158/4/042051
8

Andaryani S, Samanhudi S, Yunus A (2019) Effect of BAP and 2,4-D on callus induction of Jatropha curcas in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 3:56-65. https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v030202

10.13057/cellbioldev/v030202
9

Arias-Pérez E, Lecona-Guzmán C, Gutiérrez-Miceli F, Montes-Molina J, Ruiz-Lau N (2021) Encapsulation of immature somatic embryos of Coffea arabica l. For in vitro preservation. Phyton (B Aires) 90:1741-1748. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2021.016004

10.32604/phyton.2021.016004
10

Asghar S, Ghori N, Hyat F, Li Y, Chen C (2023) Use of auxin and cytokinin for somatic embryogenesis in plant: a story from competence towards completion. Plant Growth Regul 99:413-428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00923-9

10.1007/s10725-022-00923-9
11

Avila-Victor CM, Arjona-Suárez E de J, Iracheta-Donjuan L, Valdez-Carrasco JM, Gómez-Merino FC, Robledo-Paz A (2023) Callus Type, Growth Regulators, and Phytagel on Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis of Coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. Colombia). Plants 12:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203570

10.3390/plants1220357037896033PMC10610154
12

Botini N, Almeida F, Cruz K, Reis R, Vale E, Garcia A, Santa-Catarina C, Silveira V (2021) Stage-specific protein regulation during somatic embryo development of Carica papaya L. “Golden”. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 1869:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140561

10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140561
13

Cervantes E, Martín JJ, Saadaoui E (2016). Updated Methods for Seed Shape Analysis. Scientifica 2016. 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5691825

10.1155/2016/569182527190684PMC4846768
14

Chandimali N, Won YS, Park EH, Lee SJ, Bak SG, Lim HJ (2024) Seaweed callus culture: A comprehensive Review of current circumstances and future perspectives. Algal Res 77:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2023.103376

10.1016/j.algal.2023.103376
15

Dar S, Nawchoo I, Tyub S, Kamili A (2021) Effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro induction and maintenance of callus from leaf and root explants of Atropa acuminata Royal ex Lindl. Biotechnol Rep 32:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00688

10.1016/j.btre.2021.e0068834840963PMC8606334
16

Darwati I, Suryadi R, Bermawie N, Trisilawati O, Rusmin D, Wahyuni S, Siswanto, Garvita R (2023) Influence of rootstock age and gibberellin on the survival rate of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. & Perr.) grafting. Turk J Bot 47:556-566. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008X.2784

10.55730/1300-008X.2784
17

de Sousa PCAD, Souza SSS, Nogueira GF, Cardoso IMAS, Pereira JES (2022) Indirect somatic embryogenesis of Piper hispidinervum L. and evaluation of the regenerated plants by flow cytometry. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 20:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-022-00323-6

10.1186/s43141-022-00323-635230554PMC8888786
18

Devi C, Swamy G, Naik N, Suresha G, Koulagi S, Chavan M (2018) Effects of different treatments on seed germination improvement of jamun (Syzygium cuminii Skeels). Int J Chem Stud 6:2102-2108

19

Fang H, Dong Y, Zhou R, Wang Q, Duan Q, Wang C, Bao Y, Xu S, Lang X, et al. (2022) Optimization of the induction, germination, and plant regeneration system for somatic embryos in apomictic walnut (Juglans regia L.). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 150:289-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02266-9

10.1007/s11240-022-02266-9
20

Franco RR, Zabisky LFR, Júnior JPL, Alves VHM, Justino AB, Saraiva AL, Goulart LR, Espindola FS (2020) Antidiabetic effects of Syzygium cumini leaves: A non-hemolytic plant with potential against process of oxidation, glycation, inflammation and digestive enzymes catalysis. J Ethnopharmacol 261:113132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113132

10.1016/j.jep.2020.113132
21

Gaillochet C, Lohmann J (2015) The never-ending story: From pluripotency to plant developmental plasticity. Development 142:2237-2249. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.117614

10.1242/dev.11761426130755PMC4510588
22

Godel-Jędrychowska K, Kulińska-Łukaszek K, Kurczyńska E (2021) Similarities and Differences in the GFP Movement in the Zygotic and Somatic Embryos of Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 12:1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.649806

10.3389/fpls.2021.64980634122474PMC8194063
23

Handayani R, Yunus I, Sayuti M, Irawan E (2019) In-vitro Callus Induction of Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Leaves Using Kinetin and 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). J Trop Hort 2:59-64. https://doi.org/10.33089/jthort.v2i2.23

10.33089/jthort.v2i2.23
24

Hardstaff L, Sommerville K, Funnekotter B, Bunn E, Offord C, Mancera R (2022) Myrtaceae in Australia: Use of Cryobiotechnologies for the Conservation of a Significant Plant Family under Threat. Plants 11:1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11081017

10.3390/plants1108101735448745PMC9024671
25

Hatzilazarou S, Kostas S, Joachim M, Economou A (2020) Regeneration of Viburnum dentatum L. From alginate-encapsulated shoot explants after short-term cold storage and assessment of genetic stability using ISSR analysis. Agronomy 10:1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111660

10.3390/agronomy10111660
26

Karakas F (2020) Efficient plant regeneration and callus induction from nodal and hypocotyl explants of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) and comparison of phenolic profiles in calli formed under different combinations of plant growth regulators. Plant Physiol Biochem 146:384-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.009

10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.009
27

Khilwani B, Kaur A, Ranjan R, Kumar A (2016) Direct somatic embryogenesis and encapsulation of somatic embryos for in vitro conservation of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 127:433-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-1067-5

10.1007/s11240-016-1067-5
28

Li M, Li XT, Zhang XH, Ai J, Wang ZX, Liang LJ, pangga JS, Sun D (2025) Optimization of somatic embryogenesis system and accumulation of secondary metabolites in callus of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Ind Crops Prod 225:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120572

10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120572
29

Liu L, Lin N, Liu X, Yang S, Wang W, Wan X (2020) From Chloroplast Biogenesis to Chlorophyll Accumulation: The Interplay of Light and Hormones on Gene Expression in Camellia sinensis cv. Shuchazao Leaves. Front Plant Sci 11:1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00256

10.3389/fpls.2020.0025632218794PMC7078671
30

Lizawati L, Zulkarnain Z, Antony D, Purnamaningsih R (2023) The effect of 2,4-D, BA and Thidiazuron on somatic embryo induction of liberica coffee of Tungkal Composite from Jambi. E3S Web Conf 373:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337303012

10.1051/e3sconf/202337303012
31

Majda M, Robert S (2018) The role of auxin in cell wall expansion. Int J Mol Sci 19:1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19040951

10.3390/ijms1904095129565829PMC5979272
32

Malik MQ, Mujib A, Gulzar B, Zafar N, Syeed R, Mamgain J, Ejaz B (2020) Genom Size analysisi of field grown and somatic embryo regenerated plants in Allium sativum L. J Appl Genet 61:25-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-019-00536-5

10.1007/s13353-019-00536-5
33

Malik W, Mahmood I, Razzaq A, Afzal M, Shah G, Iqbal A, Zain M, Ditta A, Asad S, et al. (2021) Exploring potential of copper and silver nano particles to establish efficient callogenesis and regeneration system for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). GM Crops and Food 12:564-585. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2021.1917975

10.1080/21645698.2021.191797533938377PMC8820254
34

Manokari M, Latha R, Priyadharshini S, Jogam P, Shekhawat M (2021a) Short-term cold storage of encapsulated somatic embryos and retrieval of plantlets in grey orchid (Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G.Don). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 144:171-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01899-y

10.1007/s11240-020-01899-y
35

Manokari M, Priyadharshini S, Shekhawat M (2021b) Direct somatic embryogenesis using leaf explants and short term storage of synseeds in Spathoglottis plicata Blume. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 145:321-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02010-9

10.1007/s11240-021-02010-9
36

Maqsood M, Mujib A, Siddiqui Z (2012) Synthetic seed development and conversion to plantlet in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Biothechnology 11:37-43. https://doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2012.37.43

10.3923/biotech.2012.37.43
37

Mazri M, Meziani R, Belkoura I, Elmaataoui S, Mokhless B, Nour S (2019) Maturation and Germination of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Somatic Embryos. Not Sci Biol 11:86-93. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb11110403

10.15835/nsb11110403
38

Micheli M, Regni L, da Silva D (2022) Encapsulation in Calcium Alginate of Nodes from Stolons of Mentha spicata L. Horticulturae 8:1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050456

10.3390/horticulturae8050456
39

Mohamed A, Gomaa A, Abd-El-Zaher M, Reda A, Girgis N (2023) Protocol for plant regeneration from encapsulated somatic embryos of Citrus sinensis L. BNRC 47:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01081-2

10.1186/s42269-023-01081-2
40

Mufadilah M, Thamrin N, Puspito A, Ubaidillah M (2024) The Study of Exogenous Auxin and Cytokinins in Embryogenesis and Fiber Genes Expression during In Vitro Regeneration of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Hayati 31:517-529. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.3.517-529

10.4308/hjb.31.3.517-529
41

Muthi’ah A, Sakya A, Setyawati A, Samanhudi, Rahayu M (2023) Callus induction of Calotropis gigantea using BAP and 2,4-D in vitro. Environ Earth Sci 177:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1177/1/012021

10.1088/1755-1315/1177/1/012021
42

Nair P, Kumar K, Gayatri G, Deth G (2020) Recalcitrant behaviour of the seeds of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels during embryogeny and natural desiccation. Plant Physiol Rep 25:426-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-020-00528-2

10.1007/s40502-020-00528-2
43

Nautiyal A, Ramlal A, Aghihotri A, Rashid A (2023) Stress-induced somatic embryogenesis on seedlings of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. by thidiazuron and its inhibition by ethylene modulator. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 153:357-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02473-y

10.1007/s11240-023-02473-y
44

Ouyang L, Wang Z, Li L, Chen B (2020) Physiological parameters and differential expression analysis of N-phenyl-N′-[6-(2-chlorobenzothiazol)-yl] urea-induced callus of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis. PeerJ 8:1-14. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8776

10.7717/peerj.877632206452PMC7075363
45

Ouzhand B, Mohayeji M, Pourseyedi S, Abdolshahi R (2023) Dormancy breaking, indirect somatic embryogenesis, and encapsulation of somatic embryos in Black Zira. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 155:197-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02571-x

10.1007/s11240-023-02571-x
46

Panggabean N, Nurwahyuni I, Elimasni, Basyuni M (2023) Somatic Embryogenesis of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) from Bud Explants Using Suspension Culture. Biol Sci 23:236-242. https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.236.242

10.3844/ojbsci.2023.236.242
47

Pathirana R, Carimi F (2023) Studies on Improving the Efficiency of Somatic Embryogenesis in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and Optimising Ethyl Methanesulfonate Treatment for Mutation Induction. Plants 12:1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12244126

10.3390/plants1224412638140453PMC10748286
48

Qahtan A, Faisal M, Alatar A, Abdel-Salam E (2022) Callus-Mediated High-Frequency Plant Regeneration, Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Activity and Genetic Stability in Ruta chalepensis L. Plants 11:1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11121614

10.3390/plants1112161435736765PMC9229613
49

Qamar M, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Wahid M, Abbas M, Mubarak M, Yuan Y, Barnard R, Ziora Z, et al. (2022) Phytochemical Profile, Biological Properties, and Food Applications of the Medicinal Plant Syzygium cumini. Foods 11:1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11030378

10.3390/foods1103037835159528PMC8834268
50

Qamar M, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Yuan Y, Ahmad N, Tawab A, Ismail A, Barnard R, Cooper M, et al. (2021) Syzygium cumini (L.),Skeels fruit extracts: In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties. J Ethnopharmacol 271:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.113805

10.1016/j.jep.2021.113805
51

Qin Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Zhong L, Liu H, Chen B (2021) Genome-wide identification of microRNAs involved in the somatic embryogenesis of Eucalyptus. G3 11:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkab070

10.1093/g3journal/jkab07033693674PMC8049409
52

Rajput DS, Rathore TS, Ansari SA, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Abdel-Salam EM, Shahzad A (2023) Biochemical changes in embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus of Bambusa nutans Wall. during somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 155: 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02559-7

10.1007/s11240-023-02559-7
53

Reshma Y, Mazharul IMD, Kim HY, Kim CK, Lim KB (2020) Role of Growth Regulators in the Somatic Organogenesis of Haworthia Inflorescences in Vitro. Hortic Sci Technol 3:394-404. https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20200038

10.7235/HORT.20200038
54

Saeed T, Shahzad A, Sharma S (2020) Studies on single and double layered biocompatible encapsulation of somatic embryos in Albizia lebbeck and genetic homogeneity appraisal among synseed derived lines through ISSR markers. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 140:431-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01738-9

10.1007/s11240-019-01738-9
55

Salihan AN and Yusuf NA (2020) High frequency callus induction and proliferation of MD2 pineapple (Ananas comosus). Food Res 5:115-123. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(S5).016

10.26656/fr.2017.4(S5).016
56

Setiawati T, Arofah AN, Nurzaman M, Annisa A, Mutaqin AZ, Hasan R (2023) Effect of sucrose as an elicitor in increasing quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin) content of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) callus culture based on harvest time differences. BioTechnologia 104:289-300. https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2023.130731

10.5114/bta.2023.13073137850113PMC10578125
57

Singh R, Gill D, Boora R (2022) Standardization of Propagation Techniques in Jamun [Syzygium Cumini (L.) Skeels] under Punjab Conditions. Agric Res 59:1111-1118. https://doi.org/10.5958/2395-146X.2022.00154.5

10.5958/2395-146X.2022.00154.5
58

Sitthichoptham C, Wongkantrakorn N, Kraichak E, Sanevas N (2023) Effects of the Culture Medium, pH Level, and Type of Sugar on the Growth of Sphagnum cuspidatulum Müll. Hal. Hortic Sci Technol 3:329-338. https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20230030

10.7235/HORT.20230030
59

Su YH, Liu YB, Zhang XS (2011) Auxin–Cytokinin Interaction Regulates Meristem Development. Mol Plant 4:616-625. https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssr007

10.1093/mp/ssr00721357646PMC3146736
60

Subrahmanyeswari T, Laha S, Kamble S, Singh S, Bhattacharyya S, Gantait S (2023) Alginate Encapsulation of Shoot Tips and Their Regeneration for Enhanced Mass Propagation and Germplasm Exchange of Genetically Stable Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Sugar Tech 25:542-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-022-01194-4

10.1007/s12355-022-01194-4
61

Thakur S, Sharma B, Verma A, Chaudhary J, Tamulevicius S, Thakur V (2018) Recent progress in sodium alginate based sustainable hydrogels for environmental applications. J Clean Prod 198:143-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.259

10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.259
62

Ummah M, Mashluhah K, Resmisari R (2019) Conservation of Juwet (Syzygium Cumini) Plant using in Vitro Culture Techniques. El-Hayah 7:106-112. https://doi.org/10.18860/elha.v7i3.10056

10.18860/elha.v7i3.10056
63

Volić M, Pajić-Lijaković I, Djordjević V, Knežević-Jugović Z, Pećinar I, Stevanović-Dajić Z, Veljović Đ, Hadnadjev M, Bugarski B (2018) Alginate/soy protein system for essential oil encapsulation with intestinal delivery. Carbohydr Polym 200:15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.033

10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.033
64

Wahyuni DK, Purnobasuki H, Kuncoro EP, Ekasari W (2020) Callus induction of Sonchus arvensis L. and its antiplasmodial activity. Afr J Infect Dis 14:1-7. https://doi.org/10.21010/ajid.v14i1.1

10.21010/ajid.v14i1.132064450PMC7011161
65

Wang J, Xia X, Qin G, Tang J, Wang J, Zhu W, Qian M, Li J, Cui G, Yang Y, Qian J (2023) Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Stem Explants of Pomegranate. Horticulturae 9:1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091038

10.3390/horticulturae9091038
66

Wang L, Xu Y, Liu J, Luo X, Zhang S, Zheng L, Guo D (2021) Cytokinins affect shoot regeneration and modulate the expression of IPT and CKX genes of in vitro cultured Eleocharis dulcis (Brum.f.) Trin. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 96:330-337. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2020.1829503

10.1080/14620316.2020.1829503
67

Winnicki K (2020) The Winner Takes It All: Auxin-The Main Player during Plant Embryogenesis. Cells 9:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9030606

10.3390/cells903060632138372PMC7140527
68

Wu GY, Weu XL, Wang X, Wei Y (2020) Induction of somatic embryogenesis in diferent explants from Ormosia henryi Prain. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 142:229-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01822-5

10.1007/s11240-020-01822-5
69

Yang E, Zheng M, Zou X, Huang X, Yang H, Chen X, Zhang J (2021) Global transcriptomic analysis reveals differentially expressed genes involved in embryogenic callus induction in drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.). Int J Mol Sci 22:1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212130

10.3390/ijms22221213034830008PMC8619801
70

Zhu T, Wang J, Hu J, Ling J (2022) Mini review: Application of the somatic embryogenesis technique in conifer species. J For Res (Harbin) 2:1-7. https://doi.org/10.48130/FR-2022-0018

10.48130/FR-2022-001839525412PMC11524224
Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국원예학회
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 43
  • No :6
  • Pages :736-755
  • Received Date : 2024-12-12
  • Revised Date : 2025-08-22
  • Accepted Date : 2025-09-15
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20250066
Journal Informaiton Horticultural Science and Technology Horticultural Science and Technology
Online Submission
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close