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2025 Vol.43, Issue 4 Preview Page

Research Article

Exocarp Characteristics of Berries and the Effect of the Berry Density on the Fruit Quality and Occurrence of Cracking in ‘Hongju Seedless’ Grapes

포도 ‘홍주씨들리스’의 과피특성과 과립밀도가 과실품질과 열과 발생에 미치는 영향

Young Min Choi1
,
Jun Geol Lee2
,
Hyun Jung Kim3
,
Ji Min Park3
,
Mun Ho Seong1
,
Dong Hoon Lee4
,
Seo Jun Park5
,
Chi Seon Kim3
,
Dong Geun Choi2*
최 영민1
,
이 준걸2
,
김 현정3
,
박 지민3
,
성 문호1
,
이 동훈4
,
박 서준5
,
김 치선3
,
최 동근2*
1Plant Resources Research Institute, Jeonbuk State Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Namwon 55720, Korea
2Department of Horticulture, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
3Horticulture Division, Jeonbuk State Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Iksan 54591, Korea
4Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Jeju 63607, Korea
5Technology Services Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
1전북특별자치도농업기술원 자원식물연구소
2전북대학교 원예학과
3전북특별자치도농업기술원 원예과
4국립원예특작과학원 감귤연구센터
5국립원예특작과학원 기술보급과
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2025. pp. 528-536
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Abstract

‘Hongju Seedless’ is a seedless table grape variety conventionally treated with plant growth regulators to achieve berry enlargement. However, improved cultivation methods are required due to the increased occurrence of fruit cracking. This study was conducted to identify the optimal berry density by comparing the fruit quality and occurrence of cracking at different berry densities in the ‘Hongju Seedless’ grape variety. Additionally, the relationship between the anatomical characteristics of the berry exocarp and cracking was assessed. The number of berries per cluster was thinned to 35, 45, 55, and 65 berries at 20 days after full bloom, and the berry densities based on the cluster length were 1.7, 2.2, 2.7, and 3.1 berries·cm-1, respectively. Regarding the fruit quality, an increase in the berry density was correlated with an increased cluster weight, a greater number of berries, higher titratable acidity, a greater soluble solids content and a decreased Hunter a value and tended to delay ripening. The occurrence of cracking was increased as the density of the berries increased. Moreover, the cracking of stylar-end parts of the berries was 95.0% and 74.1% in 2021 and 2022, respectively, greater than the stem-end parts (5.0% and 22.2%) and the equatorial parts (0% and 3.6%). The berry skin thickness was greater in the stylar-end parts (102.0 μm) than in the stem-end parts (77.9 μm) and the equatorial parts (89.7 μm) of the berry at harvest period. Similar trends were also observed in the number of sub-epidermal cells per 1mm2. On the other hand, the pericarp hardness was lower in the stylar-end part (774.1 g) than in the stem-end part (847.6 g) and the equatorial part (947.8 g) of the berry. The stigma-stain located in the stylar-end area of the berry was larger and had a depressed center in ‘Hongju Seedless’ compared to ‘Shine Muscat’ grapes, which was presumed to be related to berry hardness and the occurrence of cracking. Based on these findings, the optimal berry density per cluster for quality improvement should be adjusted to 1.7 to 2.2 berries·cm-1 (35 to 45 berries per cluster).

Keywords
berry hardiness
hypodermis
number of berries
stigma-stain
stylar-end

무핵 포도인 ‘홍주씨들리스’는 과립 비대를 위해 생장조정제 처리가 관행적으로 이루어지고 있으나, 열과 발생이 많아 대책이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 포도 ‘홍주씨들리스’의 과립밀도에 따른 과실품질과 열과 발생을 비교하여 적정 과립밀도를 제시하고자 수행되었다. 또한 과립 부위별 과피의 해부학적 특성이 열과에 미치는 영향에 대하여 구명하고자 하였다. 2021–2022년까지 과방당 과립 수는 만개 후 20일 35, 45, 55, 65립 수준으로 적립하였고, 각 과립 수에 따른 과립밀도는 각각 1.7, 2.2, 2.7, 3.1개·cm-1이었다. 과실품질 요인 중, 과립밀도가 증가할수록 과방중, 과립 수, 산 함량은 증가하였고, 가용성 고형물 함량과 hunter a값은 감소하여 숙기가 지연되는 경향이었다. 또한 열과 발생은 과립밀도가 증가할수록 많았고, 과립 부위별로는 2021년과 2022년 과정부가 각각 95.0%, 74.1%로 과경부(5.0%, 22.2%), 적도부(0%, 3.6%)보다 많았다. 과립 과정부의 아표피 두께는 102.0um로 과경부(77.9um), 적도부(89.7um)보다 두꺼웠으며, 1mm2당 아표피 세포 수도 동일한 경향이었다. 반면 과정부의 경도는 774.1g으로 과경부(847.6g), 적도부(947.8g)보다 낮았다. 포도 ‘홍주씨들리스’의 과립 과정부에 있는 주두흔은 상대적으로 ‘샤인머스캣’보다 크고 중심부가 함몰된 형태를 보였는데, 과립 경도, 열과 발생과 관련이 있을 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 품질향상을 위한 적정 과립밀도는 1.7–2.2개·cm-1(과방당 35–45립)로 조절해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
과립경도
아표피
과립 수
주두흔
과정부
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국원예학회
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 43
  • No :4
  • Pages :528-536
  • Received Date : 2024-09-05
  • Revised Date : 2024-10-16
  • Accepted Date : 2024-10-29
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20250023
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