Effect of Different Varieties,  Processing Methods,  Harvesting Times,  and Storage Periods on the Quality of Maca

Tingting Xu; Xiaoya Chen; Xiuming Cui; Chengxiao Wang; Lisha Qiu

doi:10.7235/HORT.20230041

All Issue

2023 Vol.41, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Effect of Different Varieties, Processing Methods, Harvesting Times, and Storage Periods on the Quality of Maca

31 August 2023. pp. 448-462

PDF XML

Abstract

Maca, Lepidium meyenii Walpers (Brassicaceae), has been the subject of much research due to its unique biological activity. Maca is widely distributed in Yunnan Province, China, but is not well recognized in the market. In this study, through a chemical analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and principal component analysis (PCA), the nutritional and bioactive components of different varieties, processing methods, harvesting times, and storage periods of maca were determined and analyzed. The results indicated that whole maca when dried at 35°C, harvested around the winter solstice and planted at an altitude of about 3,000 meters was favorable for the production of nutrients and bioactive components. Compared to black maca, yellow maca had higher levels of glucosinolates, flavonoids, alkaloids and macamides. In addition, a shorter storage period (less than one year) of maca leads to a higher content of bioactive components. The findings here provide a scientific basis for the cultivation and origin processing of maca.

Keywords

bioactive components

drying

HPLC

nutritional components

PCA

References

Carvalho FV, Ribeiro PR (2019) Structural diversity, biosynthetic aspects, and LC-HRMS data compilation for the identification of bioactive compounds of Lepidium meyenii. Food Res Int 125:108615. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108615 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.10861531554140

Chen F, Guo CG, Li GQ, Hu Q, He GQ, Xue RG (2013) Comparative study on dry matter accumulation and distribution of Maca at different altitudes. Yunnan Agricultural Science and Technology 272:4-6

Chen Q, Shi Z, Wang Y, Zhang R, Hu H (2021) Study on effects of sweating treatment and different drying methods on the quality of Gentianae macrophyllae Radix. Scie Rep 11:9717 doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88511-1 10.1038/s41598-021-88511-133958629PMC8102551

Dubios M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem 28:350-356. doi:10.1021/ac60111a017 10.1021/ac60111a017

Esparza E, Hadzich A, Kofer W, Mithoefer A, Cosi EG (2015) Bioactive maca (Lepidium meyenii) alkamides are a result of traditional Andean postharvest drying practices. Phytochemistry 116:138-148. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.030 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.03025817836

Fei WT, Yue N, Li AM, Yu SH, Zhao DP, Zhu Yl, Wang C, Zhang JJ, Wang LY (2022) Immunomodulatory effects of Lepidium meyenii Walp. polysaccharides on an immunosuppression model induced by cyclophosphamide. J Immunol Res 2022:1210890. doi:10.1155/2022/1210890 10.1155/2022/121089035832646PMC9273403

Gonzales GF, Alarcón-Yaquetto DE (2018) Chapter 12 - Maca, A Nutraceutical From the AndeanHighlands. Therapeutic Foods pp 373-395. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-811517-6.00012-X 10.1016/B978-0-12-811517-6.00012-X

Jin Y, Wang MF, Rosen RT, Ho CT (1999) Thermal degradation of sulforaphane in aqueous solution. J Agric Food Chem 47:3121-3123. doi:10.1021/jf990082e 10.1021/jf990082e10552618

Kraljic K, Stjepanovic T, Obranovic M, Pospisil M, Balbino S, Skevin D (2018) Influence of conditioning temperature on the quality, nutritional properties and volatile profile of virgin rapeseed oil. Food Technol Biotechnol 56:562-572. doi:10.17113/ftb.56.04.18.5738 10.17113/ftb.56.04.18.573830923453PMC6399711

Macleod AJ, Panesar SS, Gil V (1981) Thermal degradation of glucosinolates. Phytochemistry 20:977-980. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(81)83011-7 10.1016/0031-9422(81)83011-7

Marcinkowska M, Jelen HH (2020) Inactivation of thioglucosidase from Sinapis alba (White Mustard) seed by metal salts. Molecules 25:4363. doi:10.3390/molecules25194363 10.3390/molecules2519436332977439PMC7582697

Ning JM, Ding D, Song YS, Zhang ZZ, Luo X, Wan XC (2016) Chemical constituents analysis of white tea of different qualities and different storage times. Eur Food Res Technol 242:2093-2104. doi:10.1007/s00217-016-2706-0 10.1007/s00217-016-2706-0

Oloyede OO, Wagstaff C, Methven L (2021) Influence of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) accession and growing conditions on myrosinase activity, glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. Foods 10:2903. doi:10.3390/foods10122903 10.3390/foods1012290334945451PMC8700869

Ragab MA, Hassan MAE, Shazly SA, El-Kholany ME, Ahmed ME, El-Raghi AA (2023) The benefits of Maca (Lepidium meyenii) extract administration for male rabbits affected by environmental heat stress. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 107:286-297. doi:10.1111/jpn.13772 10.1111/jpn.1377236102208

Rotondi A, Morrone L, Bertazza G, Neri L (2021) Effect of duration of olive storage on chemical and sensory quality of extra virgin olive oils. Foods 10:2296. doi:10.3390/foods10102296 10.3390/foods1010229634681344PMC8534741

Stévant P, Ólafsdóttir A, Déléris P, Dumay J, Fleurence J, Ingadóttir B, Jónsdóttir R, Ragueneau É, Rebours C, et al. (2020) Semi-dry storage as a maturation process for improving the sensory characteristics of the edible red seaweed dulse (Palmaria palmata). Algal Res 51:102048. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.102048 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102048

Sun XD, Du P, Shan Y, Yang J, Zhang XJ, Yao M, Yang YW, Zhang J (2011) Comparative analysis and evaluation of nutritional composition of two types of maca tablets. Food Sci 32:214-216. doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201119047 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201119047

Wang CT, Zhang XF, Yang L, Gao AH (2016) Effect of temperature and slice thickness on drying kinetics of hot-air drying of hawthorn slices. Sci Technol Food Industry 37:131-136. doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2016.13.018 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2016.13.018

Wang XS, You M, Ying SI, Wang YW (2006) Study on the optimum harvest period of different varieties Gastrodiae elata Bl.GAP cultivation habitat in hubei province. J Wuhan Botanical Research 24:71-73

Xia C, Chen J, Deng JL, Zhu YQ, Li WY, Jie B, Chen TY (2018) Novel macamides from maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) root and their cytotoxicity. Phytochem Lett 25:65-69. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2018.03.001 10.1016/j.phytol.2018.03.001

Xia C, Deng JL, Pan Y, Lin CB, Zhu YQ, Xiang ZY, Li WY, Chen J, Zhang YJ, et al. (2021) Comprehensive profiling of macamides and fatty acid derivatives in maca with different postharvest drying processes using UPLC-QTOF-MS. ACS Omega 6:24484-24492. doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c02926 10.1021/acsomega.1c0292634604630PMC8482404

Xia PG, Guo HB, Ru M, Yang DF, Liang ZS, Yan XJ, Liu Y (2017) Accumulation of saponins in Panax notoginseng during its growing seasons. Ind Crops Prod 104:287-292. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.04.045 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.04.045

Xiong WX, Liu CD (2014) A preliminary study on maca planting technology. Friends of Farmers Get Rich 497:209-210

Xu YQ, Qiao SY, Wang ZQ, Cui MY, Tan DP, Feng H, Mei XS, Li G, Cheng L (2021) Quantitative determination of 15 active components in Lepidium meyenii with UHPLC-PDA and GC-MS. J Anal Methods Chem 2021:6333989. doi:10.1155/2021/6333989 10.1155/2021/633398934513111PMC8426638

You JY, an Jj, SungBum B, Chen J, Ho CJ (2021) Simultaneous extraction of proteins and carbohydrates, including phenolics, antioxidants, and macamide B from Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.). Korean J Food Preserv 28:868-877. doi:10.11002/kjfp.2021.28.7.868 10.11002/kjfp.2021.28.7.868

Yuan N, Sun L, Du S, Ge G, Wang Z, Li Y, Bao J, Zhao M, Si Q, et al. (2022) Effects of harvesting period and storage duration on volatile organic compounds and nutritive qualities of alfalfa. Agriculture 12:1115. doi:10.3390/agriculture12081115 10.3390/agriculture12081115

Zha R, Ge E, Guo L, Gao Q, Lin Q, Zhou W, Jin X, Xie W, Yin H, et al. (2021) A newly identified polyunsaturated macamide alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Fitoterapia 152:104916. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104916 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.10491633945874

Zhang H, Zheng H, Yu LS, Feng Y, Chen XM, Li K (2012) Vacuum drying characteristics and technological parameters optimization of maca. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 28:267-272. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.z1.045 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.z1.045

Zhou Y, Cao Q, Peng J, Sun GJ (2017) A comparison of anti-fatigue properties in Maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp) from different area. 38:361-364. Sci Technol Food Industry doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2017.04.060 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2017.04.060

Information

Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
Publisher(Ko) :원예과학기술지
Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
Volume : 41
No :4
Pages :448-462
Received Date : 2022-11-29
Revised Date : 2023-04-12
Accepted Date : 2023-05-10
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20230041

Horticultural Science and TechnologyISSN:1226-8763(Print) 2465-8588(Online)원예과학기술지

All Issue