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Growth, Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Chinese Cabbage in Response to High Temperature

고온 스트레스에 대한 배추의 생장과 광합성 및 엽록소형광 반응

Oh Soonja1
,
Moon Kyung Hwan1
,
Son In-Chang 1
,
Song Eun Young1
,
Moon Young Eel 2
,
Koh Seok Chan3*
오 순자1
,
문 경환1
,
손 인창1
,
송 은영1
,
문 영일2
,
고 석찬3*
1Agricultural Research Center for Climate Change, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration
2Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Adinistration
3Department of Biology and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National University
1농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구센터
2농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 감귤시험장
3제주대학교 생물학과･기초과학연구소
*교신저자. *Corresponding Author. 
30 June 2014. pp. 318-329
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Abstract

In order to gain insight into the physiological responses of plants to high temperature stress, the effects of temperature on Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis cv. Detong) were investigated through analyses of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence under 3 different temperatures in the temperature gradient tunnel. Growth (leaf length and number of leaves) during the rosette stage was greater at ambient + 4°C and ambient + 7°C temperatures than at ambient temperature. Photosynthetic CO2 fixation rates of Chinese cabbage grown under the different temperatures did not differ significantly. However, dark respiration rate was significantly higher in the cabbage that developed under ambient temperature relative to elevated temperature. Furthermore, elevated growth temperature increased transpiration rate and stomatal conductance resulting in an overall decrease of water use efficiency. The chlorophyll a fluorescence transient was also considerably affected by high temperature stress; the fluorescence yield FJ, FI, and FP decreased considerably at ambient + 4°C and ambient + 7°C temperatures, with induction of FK and decrease of FV/FO. The values of RC/CS, ABS/CS, TRo/CS, and ETo/CS decreased considerably, while DIo/CS increased with increased growth temperature. The symptoms of soft-rot disease were observed in the inner part of the cabbage heads after 7, 9, and/or 10 weeks of cultivation at ambient + 4°C and ambient + 7°C temperatures, but not in the cabbage heads growing at ambient temperature. These results show that Chinese cabbage could be negatively affected by high temperature under a future climate change scenario. Therefore, to maintain the high productivity and quality of Chinese cabbage, it may be necessary to develop new high temperature tolerant cultivars or to markedly improve cropping systems. In addition, it would be possible to use the non-invasive fluorescence parameters FO, FV/FM, and FV/FO, as well as FK, MO, SM, RC/CS, ETo/CS, PIabs, and SFIabs (which were selected in this study), to quantitatively determine the physiological status of plants in response to high temperature stresses.

Keywords
chlorophyll a fluorescence transient
dark respiration rate
fluorescence parameters
high temperature stress
photosynthetic CO2 fixation rate
water use efficiency

본 연구는 온도구배터널에서 자라는 배추의 잎에서 광합성적 CO2 교환과 엽록소형광을 분석함으로써 배추의 생장에 미치는 고온의 영향을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 결구가 형성되기 전의 생육초기에는 대기온도보다 대기온도 + 4°C와 대기온도 + 7°C 조건에서 생장한 배추가 엽수의 증가와 엽길이의 신장이 두드러지게 나타났다. CO2 고정률은 대기온도 + 4°C에서 자란 배추의 잎에서 25.8μmol･m-2･s-1로 다소 높았으나, 생육 온도에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 반면에 호흡률은 대기온도에서 다소 높았으며 대기온도 + 4°C와 대기온도 + 7°C 조건에서는 낮았다. 기공전도도와 증산률은 대기온도에서보다 대기온도 + 4°C와 대기온도 + 7°C 조건에서 증가하고 수분이용효율은 감소하였다. 그리고, OKJIP 곡선의 패턴에서도 상승온도에서 FJ, FI, FP가 크게 낮아지고, 고온에서 특이적으로 나타나는 FK의 증가와 FV/FO값의 감소 등을 확인할 수 있었다. RC/CS는 대조구에 비해 온도가 높아지면 크게 감소하였으며, ABS/CS, TRo/CS와 ETo/CS도 온도가 높아짐에 따라 점차 줄어들었다. 이에 반해 DIo/CS는 온도가 높아짐에 따라 증가하였다. 그리고 대조구인 대기온도에서는 정식 후 7주, 9주, 10주째에 수확한 배추 내부에서 병징이 나타나지 않았으나, 대기온도 + 4°C와 대기온도 + 7°C 조건에서는 재배기간이 길어질수록 점차 무름병에 의한 피해가 두드러지게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 급격하게 변화하는 미래의 기후 환경 하에서 배추가 고온 스트레스에 노출될 가능성을 암시하고 있다. 따라서 배추의 안정적인 생산을 위해서는 고온 적응성 품종, 특히 결구 시점에서 내고온성이 강한 품종을 육성하거나 고온의 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 재배기술이 확립되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 그리고 결구형성 시 고온 스트레스의 영향을 조기감별하기 위해서 OKJIP 곡선에서 FK의 증가를 비롯하여 기존에 사용되고 있는 변수인 FO, FV/FM와 FV/FO 이외에도 MO, SM, RC/CS, ETo/CS, PIabs, SFIabs 등의 형광변수들이 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

키워드
엽록소형광
호흡률
형광변수
고온 스트레스
광합성적 CO2 고정률
수분이용효율
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 32
  • No :3
  • Pages :318-329
  • Received Date : 2013-11-02
  • Revised Date : 2014-01-29
  • Accepted Date : 2014-02-05
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.13174
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