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Research Article

Tomato Growth and Physicochemical Characteristics of the Substrate using By-products of Oak Bark for Hydroponic Cultivation

참나무 수피 부산물을 이용한 수경재배 배지의 이화학성 및 토마토 생육

Seoa Yoon1
,
Yang-gyu Ku145
,
Eunyoung Choi2
,
Kiyoung Choi3
,
Hocheol Kim145
,
Baul Ko1
,
Jonghyang Bae145*
윤 서아1
,
구 양규145
,
최 은영2
,
최 기영3
,
김 호철145
,
고 바울1
,
배 종향145*
1Department of Horticulture, Graduate School, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
2Department of Agricultural Science, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, Korea
3Division of Future Agriculture Convergence, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
4Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
5Institute of Plant Breeding Research, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
1원광대학교 원예산업학과
2한국방송통신대학교 농학과
3강원대학교 미래융합대학
4원광대학교 생명자원과학연구소
5원광대학교 식물육종연구소
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2024. pp. 771-783
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Abstract

This study aimed (1) to understand the physicochemical characteristics of the substrate by-product of oak bark and two hydroponic substrates, perlite and coir dust, at different mixing ratios, and (2) to use this by-product as a tomato hydroponic cultivation substrate. The mixing ratios of perlite and coir dust to the by-product of oak bark on a volume basis were 10:20:70 (PCO127), 30:20:50 (PCO325), 50:20:30 (PCO523), 20:10:70 (PCO217), 20:30:50 (PCO235), and 20:70:10 (PCO271) using commercially available coir slab (dust:chip = 50:50(v/v)) as a control substrate. The particle size increased to 2.8–5.6 mm as the ratio of perlite was increased; however, there was also a decrease in the range of 355 µm–1.4 mm. The distribution of diameters with lengths of 5.6 mm or greater decreased as the coir dust ratio was increased and the oak bark by-product ratio was decreased, but the 2.8–5.6 mm diameter range increased. The bulk density was highest in PCO217 (0.22 mg∙m-3) mixed with oak bark and lowest in the control (0.12 mg∙m-3). The particle density was higher in PCO253 (1.22 mg∙m-3) and PCO127 (1.21 mg∙m-3), both of which had a higher ratio of coir dust and oak bark by-products, compared to, the other substrates, and the lowest was 0.69 mg∙m-3 in the control. For PCO325 and PCO523, the corresponding outcomes were 0.97 mg∙m-3 and 0.95 mg∙m-3, indicating that the particle density decreased as the content of perlite was increased. The bulk density was in the 80% range in the PCO127 and control cases, and the air space was in the proper range of 22.9–26.2% on all substrates except for the control and PCO253 cases. The container capacity exceeded 60% in the control, PCO127, and PCO253, specimens and was within the proper range. As a result of analyzing the pH, EC, and inorganic elements of the substrates, the pH was found to increase while EC, P2O5, and NH4-N tended to decrease as the perlite contents were increased and as the amounts of oak bark by-products were decreased. Conversely, as the content of coir dust increased and the mixing ratio of the oak bark by-products decreased, EC, P2O5, and NH4-N tended to increase. Additionally, NO3-N within the culture substrate decreased as the oak bark by-product ratio was decreased. Exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Na, Mg) remained unaffected by inorganic perlite. The K and Na contents increased as the coir dust ratio was increased. However, the Ca content decreased as the oak bark by-product ratio was decreased. As a result of comparing tomato growth characteristics, except for the leaf number, there were no statistically significant differences found among the plant heights, stem diameter Ⅰ outcomes (from 1 cm apart from the base), stem diameter Ⅱ outcomes (stem lower at the last flower cluster from the apical zone), the leaf and stem fresh weights and the dry weights by substrates. The fruit yield and weight were highest at 17.6 units and 3,996 g, respectively, in PCO253. The water supply for producing 200 g of fruit was lowest at 8.3 L in T4.

Keywords
air space
bulk density
container capacity
porosity
wood by-product

본 연구는 참나무 수피 부산물을 펄라이트, 코이어 더스트와 혼합하여 혼합비율에 따른 배지의 이화학성을 파악하고, 향후 토마토 수경재배 배지로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 배지의 종류는 펄라이트, 코이어 더스트, 참나무 수피 부산물을 10:20:70(PCO127), 30:20:50(PCO325), 50:20:30(PCO523), 20:10:70(PCO217), 20:30:50(PCO235) 및 20:50:30(PCO253, v:v:v)로 혼합한 6처리와 시판되는 코이어 슬라브를 대조구(BioGrow, dust:chip = 50:50(v:v))로 총 7처리로 하였다. 배지별 입자분포는 펄라이트의 혼합비율이 높을수록 2.8–5.6mm 직경 비율이 늘어났으며, 355µm–1.4mm 직경 비율은 감소하였다. 코이어 더스트의 비율이 증가하고 참나무 수피 부산물의 비율이 감소할수록 5.6mm 이상의 분포는 감소하였으나 2.8–5.6mm 직경은 증가하였다. 용적밀도는 참나무 수피가 많이 혼합된 PCO217에서 가장 높았으며, 대조구에서 가장 낮았다. 입자밀도는 코이어 더스트와 참나무 수피 부산물의 비율이 높았던 PCO253과 PCO127이 다른 배지에 비해 높았다. 공극률은 PCO127과 대조구에서 80%대를 보였으며, 기상률은 대조구와 PCO253를 제외한 모든 배지에서 22.9–26.2%로 적정범위를 보였다. 용기용수량은 대조구, PCO127, PCO253에서 60% 이상으로 적정 범위에 해당하였다. 배지의 pH와 EC, 무기원소는 펄라이트 함량이 증가하고 참나무 수피 부산물의 양이 감소할수록 pH는 높아지고, EC와 P2O5, NH4-N은 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 반대로 코이어 더스트의 함량이 증가하고 참나무 수피 부산물의 혼합비율이 감소할수록 pH는 낮아지고, EC, P2O5, NH4-N는 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 배지 내 NO3-N은 참나무 수피 부산물의 비율이 감소할수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 치환성 양이온인 K, Ca, Na, Mg은 펄라이트에 영향을 거의 받지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, K와 Na는 코이어 더스트의 함량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. Ca은 참나무 수피 부산물에 영향을 받아 참나무 수피 부산물의 비율이 감소할수록 Ca 함량이 떨어졌다. 토마토 생육 특성을 비교한 결과 엽수를 제외한 초장, 지상부 줄기 경경, 엽과 줄기의 생체중 건물중에서 배지별로 통계적 유의차가 없었다. 상품 과수와 과중은 PCO235에서 17.6개, 3,996g으로 가장 많고 무거웠으며, 과실 200g을 생산하기 위해 소요된 물량은 PCO217이 8.3L로 가장 적었다.

키워드
기상률
용적밀도
용기용수량
공극률
임산부산물
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국원예학회
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 42
  • No :6
  • Pages :771-783
  • Received Date : 2023-11-08
  • Revised Date : 2024-04-10
  • Accepted Date : 2024-06-13
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20240053
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