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2015 Vol.33, Issue 3 Preview Page
Flower and Microspore Development in ‘Campbell Early’ (Vitis labruscana) and ‘Tamnara’ (V. spp.) Grapes

‘캠벨얼리’와 ‘탐나라’ 포도의 꽃과 소포자 발달

Bomi Yim1
,
Jeong-Hwan Mun2
,
Young-Min Jeong1
,
Youn Young Hur3
,
Hee-Ju Yu1*
임 보미1
,
문 정환2
,
정 영민1
,
허 윤영3
,
유 희주1*
1Department of Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea
2Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University
3Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration
1가톨릭대학교 생명･환경학부 생명과학전공
2명지대학교 생명과학정보학부
3국립원예특작과학원 과수과
*교신저자. *Corresponding Author. 
30 June 2015. pp. 420-428
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Abstract

The majority of cultivated varieties of grape have perfect flowers that are clustered in an individual inflorescence. Grape flower has a single pistil, five stamens, a protective flower cap (calyptra), and a calyx. After fertilization, an individual flower develops into a single berry. Although there are a number of reported studies focusing on berry formation, berry enlargement, and sugar accumulation in grape, the morphological studies of flower, including gametophyte morphogenesis and structural change in floral organs, have not yet been studied in detail. In this study, we investigated the flower structure and development characteristics of grape using microscopy and defined the floral development stages 9 to 13 based on microspore or male gametophyte development stage from tetrad to mature pollen. We used seeded diploid table grapes ‘Campbell Early’ (Vitis labruscana) and ‘Tamnara’ (V. spp.) as plant materials. At floral development stage 9, pollen mother cells develop to tetrads. During floral development stages 10 to 11, unicellular microspore develop to mid bicellular pollen. At the end of floral stage 12, male gametophyte develops to mature tricelluar pollen. In floral stage 13, the flower cap falls off and flower bud opens. During floral development stages 9 to 12, there were no major changes in calyx length, whereas the length of the flower cap continuously increased. The flower cap-to-calyx length ratio was 2.0, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.5 at floral stages 9, 10, 11, and 12, respectively. The flower cap-to-calyx length ratio was consistent in the two grape cultivars, suggesting that the ratio is a morphological character representing floral development stage. This study provides a reference for determining floral development stage of the two grape cultivars. It will be useful for the determination of optimum time for microspore culture needed to generate doubled haploid lines and appropriate gibberellic acid treatment needed to induce parthenocarpic fruit development in ‘Tamnara’ grape.

Keywords
calyx length
flower cap length
flower development
male gametophyte
parthenocarpic fruit

상업적으로 재배되고 있는 대부분의 포도 꽃은 완전화로서 개개의 꽃들이 모여 화서를 이룬다. 포도 꽃은 5개의 수술, 1개의 암술, 5개의 꽃잎이 융합된 구조인 화관, 그리고 융합된 형태의 꽃받침을 가지며 화방 내 각각의 꽃은 수정하여 과립으로 발달한다. 포도에서는 과립 형성이나 과립 비대, 당도의 축적에 대한 연구는 많이 수행된 반면 배우체의 형태 형성, 꽃 기관의 구조, 그리고 꽃 발달과 같은 꽃의 형태적 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ‘캠벨얼리’와 ‘탐나라’의 두 품종에서 꽃의 구조와 발달에 따른 특징들을 조사하였다. 포도 꽃의 발달 단계 결정은 애기장대에서 소포자의 형성부터 수 배우체의 발달 시기인 꽃 발달 9단계부터 13단계로만 한정하였다. 포도 꽃 발달 9단계에서는 4분포자가 나타났고 꽃 발달 10에서 11단계 동안에는 단세포성 소포자에서부터 중기 2세포성 화분으로 발달하였다. 개화 직전의 꽃 발달 12단계 말에는 성숙한 3세포성 화분으로 발달하였다. 꽃 발달 13단계에는 화관이 탈락하고 개화가 일어났다. 꽃 발달 9단계부터 12단계까지 꽃받침 길이는 거의 변하지 않았지만 화관의 길이는 계속 증가했다. 두 포도 품종에서 ‘꽃받침 길이에 대한 화관 길이의 비율’의 평균은 꽃 발달 9단계에서는 2.0, 꽃 발달 10단계에서는 3.0, 꽃 발달 11단계에서는 4.5, 꽃 발달 12단계에서는 6.5로 나타났으며, ‘꽃받침 길이에 대한 화관 길이의 비율’을 사용하여 꽃 발달 단계를 판별할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과로 ‘캠벨얼리’와 ‘탐나라’에서 꽃 발달 단계를 정확하게 추정하는 형태적 지표가 개발되었다. 이를 이용하면 두 품종에서 소포자 배양 시기의 판정이나 ‘탐나라’에서 무핵과 유도를 위한 지베렐린 처리 시기의 판정 등에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

키워드
꽃받침 길이
꽃 발달
단위결실성 과일
수 배우체
화관 길이
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국원예학회
  • Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
  • Volume : 33
  • No :3
  • Pages :420-428
  • Received Date : 2014-12-12
  • Revised Date : 2014-12-27
  • Accepted Date : 2014-12-30
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2015.14197
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