Traits and Gene Expression Analysis of Early and Late Ripening Pollination Constant Non-Astringent Persimmon Fruits at Different Developmental Phases

Eun-Gyeong Kim; Gwang-Hwan Ahn; Girim Park; Beunggu Son; Youngwhan Choi; Jumsoon Kang; Youngjae Lee; Byeong Il Je; Younghoon Park

doi:10.7235/HORT.20210035

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2021 Vol.39, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Traits and Gene Expression Analysis of Early and Late Ripening Pollination Constant Non-Astringent Persimmon Fruits at Different Developmental Phases 조･만생종 완전단감의 과실발달 단계별 형질특성 및 유전자 발현 분석

30 June 2021. pp. 387-401

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Abstract

We analyzed the major fruit traits and transcriptomes between a late-ripening cultivar ‘Fuyu’ and an early-ripening cultivar ‘Soshu’ of pollination constant non-astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) at different developmental stages. Sugar concentration and fruit peel color were measured every 3 weeks, until 18 weeks after full bloom (WAB) for ‘Soshu’ and 24 WAB for ‘Fuyu’. For the sugar concentration in fruit, sucrose levels began to decline 9 weeks earlier in ‘Soshu’. Fruit peel coloring progressed faster in ‘Soshu’, and differences in color between the cultivars were most notable at 18 WAB. Transcriptome analysis was carried out for fruit flesh every 3 weeks from 9-18 WAB. Gene ontology term analysis of the transcriptome indicated that catalytic and transport genes involved in metabolism and growth in cells and cellular organelles were mainly expressed, while in KOG and KEGG analysis, the majority of expressed genes were related to signal transduction, nuclear structure, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed from two sets of samples: set I, in which fruits sampled at 12, 15, and 18 WAB were compared as the treatment group to the sample collected at 9 WAB as the control for each cultivar; and set II, in which fruit samples of ‘Soshu’ were compared as the treatment group to ‘Fuyu’ as the control at each WAB. For the DEGs of set I, containing three comparison combinations, the number of up-regulated genes in the treatment sample was highest at 18 WAB in ‘Fuyu’ and at 15 WAB in ‘Soshu’. For the DEGs of set II, the number of down-regulated genes and the number of up-regulated genes were higher in ‘Soshu’ compared to ‘Fuyu’ at 12 WAB and 15 WAB, respectively. We then compared the expression patterns of fruit trait-related genes with the phenotypic changes in traits. Our results indicated that UGPase-1 and AGPase-1, involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and CRTISO and PDS, involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, may induce early fruit ripening in ‘Soshu’. In addition, the transcription factors (TFs) ERF3, which binds to the promoter of ethylene-responsive genes; the MADS-box TFs RIN, AGL, and FUL; and the NAC TF controlling climacteric-type fruit ripening were considered to play a key role in controlling fruit ripening in ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Soshu’.

Keywords

Diospyros kaki Thunb

과피색

완전단감

RNA-seq

당농도

완전단감 품종 중 만생종인 ‘부유’와 조생종인 ‘조추’의 과실 발육 단계 별 주요 형질과 과실 내 발현되는 전사체의 비교 분석을 통해, 만생종과 조생종 간 숙기 조절 관련 유전자를 탐색하였다. 개화 후 6주부터 ‘조추’는 개화 후 18주까지, ‘부유’는 24주까지 과피색과 유리당 함량을 3주 간격으로 조사한 결과 ‘조추’의 과실 성숙이 ‘부유’보다 이른 시기에 시작됨을 보여 주었다. 색도는 ‘부유’에 비해 ‘조추’에서 과피 착색이 빠르게 진행되었고, 개화 후 18주에 두 품종 간 차이가 현저하게 드러났다. 과실 내 유리당 함량을 조사한 결과, ‘조추’의 서당 감소 시점이 ‘부유’에 비해 약 9주 빨랐다. 두 품종의 과육 전사체 분석은 개화 후 9주부터 18주까지 3주 간격으로 수행하였다. 전사체의 GO term 분석에서는 세포와 세포소기관에서 대사과정과 발육을 조절하는 촉매작용과 수송 관련 유전자, 그리고 KOG 분석과 KEGG pathway 분석에서는 신호전달과 핵산구조, 전분과 당 대사에 관한 pathway 유전자가 주를 이루었다. DEGs 분석은 각 품종의 개화 후 9주의 과육 샘플을 대조구로 하여 이후 18주까지 3주 간격의 샘플을 처리구로 비교한 DEGs set Ⅰ과 각 단계별로 ‘부유’를 대조구로 하고 ‘조추’를 처리구로 비교한 DEGs set Ⅱ로 분석하였다. DEGs set Ⅰ의 발현량을 분석한 결과, 3가지 비교조합 중에서 ‘부유’는 개화 후 18주에, ‘조추’는 15주에 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 up-regulation된 유전자의 개수가 가장 많았다. DEGs set Ⅱ에서는 ‘부유’에 비해 ‘조추’에서 개화 후 12주에 down-regulation되는 유전자가, 15주에는 up-regulation되는 유전자가 많았다. 과실 형질 관련 후보유전자의 발현량을 형질변화와 비교 분석한 결과, 탄수화물 대사에 관련된 UGPase-1과 AGPase-1, 카로티노이드 생합성 경로의 CRTISO와 PDS는 ‘조추’의 조기 과실 성숙을 유도하는 유전자로 추정되었다. Transcription factor(TF)로는 ethylene responsive gene의 promoter에 결합하는 ERF3와 ACS의 promoter에 결합하는 MADS-box TF인 RIN, AGL, FUL, 그리고 climacteric type의 성숙을 조절하는 NAC가 ‘부유’, ‘조추’ 단감의 성숙 조절에 핵심적 역할을 하는 것으로 추정되었다.

키워드

Diospyros kaki Thunb

fruit peel coloring

Pollination Constant Non-astringent

RNA-seq

sugar concentration

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Information

Publisher :KOREAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
Publisher(Ko) :원예과학기술지
Journal Title :Horticultural Science and Technology
Journal Title(Ko) :원예과학기술지
Volume : 39
No :3
Pages :387-401
Received Date : 2020-12-10
Revised Date : 2021-01-05
Accepted Date : 2021-01-17
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210035

Horticultural Science and Technology ISSN:1226-8763(Print) 2465-8588(Online) 원예과학기술지

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